Electromagnetic Flow Meters

S M ASEER
110115084
 Working Principle
• A contact type flow device that consists of a pair of coil
and pair of electrode.

• Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction is the

principle behind the flow meter.

• When the conductive fluid flows through a magnetic field

of the sensor, an electromotive force proportional to the
volume flow is generated between the pair of electrodes,
which is perpendicular to the flow direction and the
magnetic field.

Electromagnetic Flow Meters

Basic Diagrammatic
Representation

Electromagnetic Flow Meters

 Mathematical Equations
• To calculate the EMF generated across the pipe :

E = B·D·V [k=1]

Where,
E  Electromotive Force ; B  Magnetic Field
D  Diameter of Pipe ; V  Avg. Velocity of Fluid flow

Electromagnetic Flow Meters

 Mathematical Equations

• Volumetric Flow Rate(Q)

Q = {(π D²)/4} ·V [Q= AV ]

• Sensitivity = Output Voltage/Avg. Velocity

= E/V
= B·D

Electromagnetic Flow Meters

 Excitation of the Coil
• The Electromagnetic Coil in the flow meter is powered by :
a) DC Current
b) AC Current

• AC Excitation :
Line voltage is applied to Electromagnetic coils in the case of
AC Excitation.
• DC Excitation :
Pulsating DC with a low frequency( 7-30 Hz) is used to excite
the electromagnetic coils.

Electromagnetic Flow Meters

 Noise in Electromagnetic Flow Meter

• Besides the flow velocity signal, Noise signals also

manage to make their way into the output signal.

• Noise signals can be sourced to internal capacitive and

inductive couplings , electrically charged fluids, large
particles, and electrochemical potentials at the electrode
interface.

• The noise signals induced into the system affect the

AC and DC excited systems in different ways.

Electromagnetic Flow Meters

 Noise in AC Excitation
• AC excited systems are more susceptible to zero-shift than
DC excited systems.

• Electronic noise seeps into the system because the

continuous AC in the presence of stationary conductors or
couplings between the magnetic coils and electrode wires
create a varying non-flow induced voltage.

• The noise and flow signals are out of phase with each other
and can be distinguished with proper means, enabling the
pure flow signal to be processed and understood.

Electromagnetic Flow Meters

 Noise in DC Excitation
• The pulsating DC excitation makes it possible to subtract
out the noise signals that would otherwise be generated by
the continuously changing magnetic field in traditional AC
excitation systems.

• Depending on the excitation frequency, remaining noise that

affects zero can be easily detected in isolation from the flow
signal when the magnetic coil has no current flowing
through it.

• This detection enables the noise component to be

subtracted from the output signal that is present when the
magnet is turned on.
Electromagnetic Flow Meters
Zero-Shift in DC Excitation

Electromagnetic Flow Meters

 Pros and Cons of AC and DC Excitations
• AC systems are inherently prone to Zero-shift, whereas
DC signals are not.

• Power Requiremnets of DC Systems are lesser as the coils

are energized intermittently, being a pulsed system.

• AC systems, because they are continuous systems, have

faster response time than DC systems, making them
suitable when dynamic response is critical.

• AC systems have higher signal-to-noise ratios due to higher

signal strength and excitation frequency and are hence
robust in noisy applications.
Electromagnetic Flow Meters
 Market Price

Prices vary depending

upon the brand and the
specific detailed features.

Electromagnetic Flow Meters

Happy Learning !

S M ASEER
110115084