PRINCIPLES OF

CONDENSING

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 - 500 000 : direct evacuation

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 Fumes through the chimney

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 Scene from the 3rd century BC

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 Heating through the stove pipe

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 CO2 emissions in Europe

Other
industries
Industrie
Industrie

Kraft
Powerund Fern- 256 Mio t/a
generation
heizwerke
397 Mio t/a Transport
Verkehr
193 Mio t/a
Domestic
Haushalte
source
205 Mio t/a

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 CO2 emissions

Natural gas
0,19 kg/kWh

Oil H
0,24 kg/kWh
H C H
H C H
H
C14H16 CH4
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 At a newspaper kiosque

Newspapers

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 A critical consumer
• The condensation
• Efficiency over 100 %
• Modern technology
• Less fuel consumption
• Saving energy

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 How can we explain

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 Calorific powers
PCS

• Superior calorific
power (PCS)
• Inferior calorific
power (PCI)
PCI

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 Superior calorific power (PCS)

• The superior calorific power includes

the heat of condensation of the water
vapor that is formed in the
combustion

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 Inferior calorific power (PCI)

• With the inferior calorific power,

the water remains as vapor and
is not condensed.

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 Ratio between PCI and PCS

PCI / PCS = 0,9

11%
Latent
heat
100%
100% 100%

PCI PCS

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 Classical installation

PCI

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 Installation with condensing

PCS

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 What are the combustion products?

~ 2 m3 ~ 1 m3
oxygen carbonic gas

O2 H2O
~1 m3 CO2
natural CH4
gas O2 H2O

~ 2 m3 water
steam

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 Sensitive heat

1 litre water 1 litre water

from from
10 °C to 11 °C 10 °C to 100 °C
about 1 Wh about 105 Wh

• increase of temperature

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 Latent heat

1 litre water 1 litre water at

from 100°C vaporised :
10 °C to 100 °C : about 627 Wh
about. 116 Wh

• Constante temperature

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 Condensate production

The latent heat of condensing water is 627 Wh/kg.

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 Water vapor is leaving through the chimney

With more than 100°C

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 Environment heating

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 Catching the sensitive and latent heat

But how?

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 Cooling the fumes : condensing

Heat production

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 Principle of a condensing boiler

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 Evacuation of condensates

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 Ph of condensates

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Acid Oil Gas Neutral Alkaline

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 Is the rejection of the condensates
regulated?
• Annual production of a domestic boiler condensates:
approximately 4000 L
• The pH (between 2 and 5) makes it possible to include them in
waste waters
• Waste waters are alkaline (pH > 7) because of the detergent
products
• Domestic water represents 250 000 L per annum for a family of 4
persons
• The volume of the condensates represents 1.5 % of the
discharge of waste waters
• When analyses of effluents are carried out, a phenomenon of
neutralization can be observed
Conclusion: For these reasons, it appeared superfluous
to regulate the rejection of the condensates of condensing
domestic boilers.

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 The chimney

Inox ; PPS ; Céramique

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 The oil combustion
T° flue gases
The due point

80

70

60 Gaz
Fioul
50

40

30

20
5 6 7 8 9
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
CO2 %

The due point depends of the CO2 setting

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 The influence of boiler temperature
T° flow Condensing zone
-15°c

80 T° max

70

60
Due point
56°C 50 Temp Outlet 40°c

40 Temp inlet 30°c

30
T°
20
20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 outside

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 What’s the benefit ?

109 % efficiency

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 Old boiler

PCI

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 New classic boiler

PCI

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 Condensing boiler

PCI

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 Comparison

House 110 m2, well insulated

(1989 - 1990)
Nominal consumption :
18 000 kWh
Price 1 kWh = 0,06 Euro

Efficiency 62 % 92 % 109 %

Consumption in kWh 29 032 19 565 16 514

Price in Euros 1741 1173 990

Economy 33 % 43 %

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