GLOBAL ISSUES

GLOBAL ISSUES
GLOBAL ISSUES
MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS
MNCs
MNCs
THE BENEFITS OF MNCs
THE BENEFITS OF MNCs
THE BENEFITS OF MNCs
THREE SENSES OF RELATIVE VALUES
DESCRIPTIVE RELATIVISM AND
MORAL RELATIONALISM
ETHICAL PLURALISM
INTERNATIONAL RIGHTS
INTERNATIONAL RIGHTS
MNCs
WAYS OF PROMOTING MORALLY
JUST MEASURES
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND
APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
APPRIPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
 WHAT IS MEANT BY
INTERMEDIATE TECHNOLOGY
BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY
BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY
 BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY
The Bhopal disaster, also referred to as
the Bhopal gas tragedy, was a gas
leak incident in India, considered the world's
worst industrial disaster.
It occurred on the night of 2–3 December
1984 at the Union Carbide India
Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal,
Madhya Pradesh.
Over 500,000 people were exposed
to methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas and other
chemicals.
The highly toxic substance made its way into and
around the shanty [poor people living]
Estimates vary on the death toll. The official
immediate death toll was 2,259.
The Government of Madhya
Pradesh confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths
related to the gas release.
A government affidavit in 2006 stated that
the leak caused 558,125 injuries, including
38,478 temporary partial injuries and
approximately 3,900 severely and
permanently disabling injuries.
Others estimate that 8,000 died within two
weeks, and another 8,000 or more have since
died from gas-related diseases.
The cause of the disaster remains under
debate.
The Indian government and local activists
argue that slack management and deferred
maintenance created a situation where routine
pipe maintenance caused a backflow of water
into a MIC tank, triggering the disaster.
Union Carbide Corporation (UCC) contends
water entered the tank through an act of
sabotage.
The owner of the factory, UCIL, was majority
owned by UCC, with Indian Government-controlled
banks and the Indian public holding a 49.1 percent
stake. In 1989, UCC paid $470m dollars to settle
litigation stemming from the disaster.
In 1994, UCC sold its stake in UCIL to Eveready
Industries India Limited (EIIL), which subsequently
merged with McLeod Russel (India) Ltd.
Eveready ended clean-up on the site in 1998, when
it terminated its 99-year lease and turned over
control of the site to the state government of Madhya
Pradesh.
Dow Chemical Company purchased UCC in 2001,
seventeen years after the disaster.
Civil and criminal cases were filed in the District
Court of Bhopal, India, involving UCC and Warren
Anderson, UCC CEO at the time of the disaster.

In June 2010, seven ex-employees, including the

former UCIL chairman, were convicted in Bhopal of
causing death by negligence and sentenced to two
years imprisonment and a fine of about $2,000 each,
the maximum punishment allowed by Indian law.

An eighth former employee was also convicted,

but died before the judgment was passed. Anderson
died on 29 September 2014.
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS
ENVIRONEMNTAL ETHICS
ENGINEERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
TYPES OF CONCERN FOR ENVIRONMENT
ENGINEER’S CONCERN FOR
ENVIRONMENT
ENGINEER’S CONCERN FOR
ENVIRONMENT
 PROFESSIONAL CODE OF
ETHICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
 APPROACHES TO SOLVE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
COST OBLIVIOUS APPROACH
APPROACH BASED COST BENEFIT
ANALYSIS
 INTERNALIZING COSTS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS OF NATURE
SENTINENT CENTRED ETHICS
BIOCENTRIC ETHICS
ECCENTRIC ETHICS
HUMAN-CENTRED ENVIRONMENTSL
ETHICS
HUMAN-CENTRED ENVIRONMENTSL
ETHICS
COMPUTER ETHICS
HACKING, CYBER CRIMES, VIRUSES,
CYBER SQUATTING
HACKING, CYBER CRIMES, VIRUSES,
CYBER SQUATTING
WHAT IS COMPUTER ETHICS?
WHAT IS COMPUTER ETHICS?
CATEGORIES OF COMPUTER ETHICS
PROBLEMS
COMPUTERS AS INSTRUMENTS
OF UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR
BANK ROBBERY
PRIVACY
COMPUTERS AS THE OBJECT OF
UNETHICAL ACTS
COMPUTERS AS THE OBJECT OF
UNETHICAL ACTS
AUTONOMOUS COMPUTERS
AUTONOMOUS COMPUTERS
COMPUTER CODE OF ETHICS
COMPUTER CODE OF ETHICS
WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT
WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT
ROLE OF ENGINEERS IN DEFENSE
INDUSTRY
ROLE OF ENGINEERS IN DEFENSE
INDUSTRY
ENGINEERS INVOLVEMENT IN
WEAQPONS WORK
DEFENSE INDUSTRY PROBLEMS
DEFENSE INDUSTRY PROBLEMS
ENGINEERS AS MANAGERS
ENGINEERS AS MANAGERS
ENGINEERS AS MANAGERS
MANAGERS AS PROFESSIONS
MANAGERIAL ROLES
MANAGERIAL ROLES
MANAGERIAL ROLES
IMPACT OF TRANSISTION ON
ETHICAL ISSUES
IMPACT OF TRANSISTION ON ETHICAL
ISSUES
RESPONSIBILITIES OF ENGINEERS-
MANAGERS
PROMOTING ETHICAL CLIMATE
PROMOTING ETHICAL CLIMATE
RESPONSIBILITIES OF ENGINEERS-
MANAGERS
RESOLVING CONFLICTS
RESOLVING CONFLICTS
RESOLVING CONFLICTS
PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICT
RESOLUTION
ENGINEERS AS CONSULTANTS
ENGINEERS AS CONSULTANTS
ADVERTISING
ADVERTISING
ADVERTISING
COMPETITIVE BIDDING
COMPETITIVE BIDDING
CONTIGENCY FEES
CONTIGENCY FEES
SAFETY AND CLIENT NEEDS
SAFETY AND CLIENT NEEDS
PROVISIONS FOR RESOLUTION OF
DISUTES
ENGINEERS AS EXPERT WITNESSES
ENGINEERS AS EXPERT WITNESSES IN
THE COURTS
ENGINEERS AS EXPERT WITNESSES IN
THE COURTS
EYE WITNESS VS EXPERT WITNESS
ABUSES OF ENGINEERS AS EXPERT
WITNESS
ABUSES OF ENGINEERS AS EXPERT
WITNESS
FINANCIAL BIASES
EGO AND SYMPATHY BIASES
ADVISORS IN PLANNING AND POLICY
MAKING
ADVISORS IN PLANNING AND POLICY
MAKING
NORMATIVE MODELS OF ADVISERS
VALUE-NEUTRAL ANALYSIS
VASLUE-GUIDED ADVOCATES
CORE QUALITIES OF AN EXPERT
ADVISER
MORAL LEADERSHIP
MORALLY CREATIVE LEADERS
WHAT IS MORAL LEADERSHIP?
WHO ARE ALL MORAL LEADERS?
WHO ARE ALL MORAL LEADERS?
PARTICIPATION IN PROFESSIONAL
SOCIETIES
PARTICIPATION IN PROFESSIONAL
SOCIETIES
PARTICIPATION IN PROFESSIONAL
SOCIETIES
LEADERSHIP IN COMMUNITIES
LEADERSHIP IN COMMUNITIES
IDEALS OF VOLUNTARY SERVICE
IDEALS OF VOLUNTARY SERVICE
IDEALS OF VOLUNTARY SERVICE