GREEN BUILDINGS’ RATING SYSTEMS

“WHERE DO WE STAND?”
Prof. Dr. Mohamed Moemen Afify
Professor of Architecture & Environmental Design
Faculty of Engineering – Cairo University
Member of the Egyptian Supreme Green Building Council
Member of the USGBC
Email: moemen@maconsultants-eg.com
History of
Environmental Prehistoric Architecture
Architecture
Ancient Greek Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture Ancient Egyptian
Theories and Architecture
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known Ancient Roman Architecture
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental Middle Eastern Architecture
Architecture

The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental Local Architecture in Egypt
Architecture
Nubian Architecture Siwa Architecture
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known Egyptian Architecture Islamic Architecture
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental Local Architecture in Egypt
Architecture

The Environmental Khedive Ismail Architecture in Egypt

Architecture (Downtown Cairo Architecture)
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
-Double high thermal mass walls
-High floor height
-Shutters
Conclusions and -Cross ventilation through courts
Recommendations
History of
Environmental Local Architecture – HASSAN FATHY
Architecture

By the beginning of the sixties of the last

The Environmental
Architecture century, it was the Egyptian Architect
Theories and Hassan Fathy, who initiated the
Principles importance of such architecture, known
after that by the vernacular architecture,
Green Building
and that he was the first to outline the
Rating Systems and need of environmental architecture in
Analysis of the Egypt.
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental Contemporary Architecture
Architecture
WHERE ARE WE NOW ?
The Environmental Architecture in Egypt: (1950 -- 2010)
Architecture
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental Contemporary Architecture
Architecture
WHERE ARE WE NOW:
The Environmental Architecture in Egypt: (1950 -- 2010)
Architecture
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Are we supposed to
Developing a Green
Building Rating building with the
System for Egypt traditional means and
the architecture of
Conclusions and Hassan Fathy OR by
Recommendations high tech means.
History of
Environmental
Green Architecture Evolution
Architecture

The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide Prehistoric Actual Future
Architecture Architecture Architecture
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental Ecological systems
Architecture

The Environmental Natural Man-Made

Architecture Water cycle
Theories and Carbon cycle
Principles
Nitrogen cycle
Environmental
Phosphorous Cycle
Green Building Architecture
…
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental
Environmental Architecture Systems
Architecture

The Environmental
Architecture Active Systems Passive Systems
Theories and Photovoltaic cells Wind Catchers
Principles
Plate Solar Collector Trombe Wall

Green Building Wind Turbines Passive Solar energy

Rating Systems and Hydroelectric Power …
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental
Active Systems
Architecture

The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known Photovoltaic Wind Turbines
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations Solar Water Heating
History of
Environmental
Passive Systems
Architecture

The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
Trombe Wall Wind Catchers
History of
Environmental
Architecture

The Environmental
Environmental
Architecture
Theories and Architecture
Principles

Ecological Architecture Sustainable Architecture

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the Bioclimatic Architecture Green Architecture
most well-known
Worldwide Vernacular Architecture Traditional / vernacular
Architecture
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental
Architecture
What is Green Architecture?
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
“An architecture that meets the
needs of present without
Green Building
Rating Systems and compromising the ability of the
Analysis of the
most well-known future generations to meet their
Worldwide
own needs”
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental
Architecture
Why Green Buildings are
The Environmental
Architecture
important?
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental The Global CO2 Emissions by Sector
Architecture
1- Buildings (Electricity + Heat + Construction) = 47.5%
The Environmental 2- Transportation = 25%
Architecture 3 - Land-Use Change & Forestry = 22%
Theories and 4- Other = 5.5%
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: World Resources Institute, 2008
History of
Environmental Green Globes
Architecture
LEED
?
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
NAHB BREEAM GBCA
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating LEED India CASBEE Estidama
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental LEED BREEAM CASBEE
Architecture
Date Introduced 1998 1990 2004
The Environmental Ratings Certified / Silver Pass / Good / C / B- / B+ / A /
Architecture / Gold / Very good / S
Theories and Platinum Excellent/
Principles Outstanding

Green Building Assessment USGBC Trained Design /

Rating Systems and assessors management
Analysis of the team
most well-known
Worldwide
Third Party GBCi BRE Third Party
Developing a Green Validation Agencies e.g.
Building Rating JSBC (Japan
System for Egypt Sustainable
Building
Consortium)
Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental
Architecture

The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide LEED Certification Levels

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: USGBC-LEED Brochure
History of
Environmental Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Architecture Design (LEED)
LEED Different Rating Systems for
The Environmental Different Project Types
Architecture
Theories and Design & Operations &
Construction maintenance
Principles
LEED for Existing
Building Interiors Residential Communities
Buildings
Green Building
Rating Systems and
LEED NC LEED CI LEED H LEED ND LEED EBO&M
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide LEED CS LEED R-CI

Developing a Green LEED S

Building Rating
System for Egypt
LEED HC

Conclusions and LEED R-NC

Recommendations
History of
Environmental 1-Sustainable Sites 26 Possible points
Architecture

The Environmental • Construction Activity Pollution

Architecture
Theories and Prevention
Principles • Site Selection
• Development Density & Community
Green Building Connectivity
Rating Systems and • Brownfield Redevelopment
Analysis of the
most well-known • Alternative Transportation
Worldwide • Site Development
• Stormwater Design
Developing a Green • Heat Island Effect
Building Rating
System for Egypt • Light Pollution Reduction

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental 2-Water Efficiency 14 Possible Points
Architecture

The Environmental • Water Efficient Landscaping

Architecture
Theories and
Principles • Innovative Wastewater Technologies

Green Building • Water Use Reduction

Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental 3-Energy and Atmosphere 35 Possible Points
Architecture

The Environmental • Commissioning of the Building Energy

Architecture
Theories and Systems
Principles
• Energy Performance
Green Building
• Refrigerant Management
Rating Systems and • On-Site Renewable Energy
Analysis of the
most well-known • Measurement & Verification
Worldwide • Green Power
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental 4- Materials and Resources 10 Possible Points
Architecture

• Storage and Collection of Recyclables

The Environmental
Architecture • Building Reuse
Theories and
Principles • Construction Waste Management
• Materials Reuse
Green Building • Recycled Content
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the • Regional Materials
most well-known
Worldwide
• Rapidly Renewable Materials
• Certified Wood
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental 5- Indoor Environmental Quality
Architecture
15 Possible Points
The Environmental • IAQ Performance
Architecture
Theories and • Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Principles (ETS) Control
• Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring
Green Building
Rating Systems and • Increased Ventilation
Analysis of the
most well-known
• Construction IAQ Management
Worldwide Plan
• Low-Emitting Materials
Developing a Green
Building Rating • Controllability of Systems
System for Egypt • Thermal Comfort
• Daylighting and Views
Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental LEED for New Construction (LEED NC)
Architecture

The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental HOW TO IMPLEMENT LEED THROUGH
Architecture
DIFFERENT STAGES OF A PROJECT ??
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
Design Stage
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide
Construction Stage

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt
Documentation Stage

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of BUILDING RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT’S
Environmental ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT METHOD (BREEAM)
Architecture
Over 115,000 buildings certified
The Environmental Nearly 700,000 registered As of 2008
Architecture
Theories and BREEAM Courts
Principles
BREEAM Education
Green Building
Rating Systems and BREEAM Industrial
Analysis of the
most well-known BREEAM Different BREEAM Healthcare
Worldwide Rating Systems for
Different Project
BREEAM Offices
Types
Developing a Green
Building Rating BREEAM Retail
System for Egypt
BREEAM Prisons

Conclusions and BREEAM Multi-

Recommendations residential
History of
Environmental Building Research Establishment’s Environmental
Architecture Assessment Method (BREEAM)

The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental Comprehensive Assessment System for Built
Architecture Environment Efficiency (CASBEE)

The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and The number of certified buildings is 80
Principles As of 2009

Green Building
Rating Systems and CASBEE for Pre-design
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide CASBEE for New Construction
CASBEE Different
Rating Systems for
Developing a Green
Different Project
Building Rating
Types CASBEE for Existing Building
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
CASBEE for Renovation
Recommendations
History of Developing a Green Building Rating
Environmental
Architecture System for Egypt
1- Buildings (Electricity + Heat + Construction) = 42%
The Environmental 2- Industry = 25%
Architecture 3 - Transportation= 21%
Theories and 4- Other = 12%
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations Egypt CO2 Emissions by Sector
Source: Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA)
History of
Environmental
The Impacts of Buildings
Architecture on Egypt Resources
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles 40% Primary Energy Use

Green Building 62% Electricity Consumption

Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
42% CO2 Emissions
Worldwide
12% Potable Water Consumption
Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: Egypt State of Environment Report 2008
History of Credit Categories Overview
Environmental
Architecture
1-Energy and Atmosphere
CO2 Emissions per Capita
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
Energy Consumption
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental
2-Sustainable Sites
Architecture (Land use and Ecology)
The Environmental Agriculture lost its position as the dominant economic sector
Architecture
Theories and 1960 the Agricultural exports was 87% of all
Principles merchandise export value

Green Building 1974 fell to 35%

Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
2001 dropped to 11%
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: Egyptian Agriculture by Lowell N. Lewis
History of
Environmental
3-Indoor Environmental Quality
Architecture Based on methodologies and risk assessments from similar
countries, it is estimated that 85,000-180,000 disability-adjusted life
The Environmental year (DALYs) are lost annually due to indoor air pollution.
Architecture
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations Source: Cost of Environmental Degradation by Category
By Mediterranean Environmental Technical Assistance Program (METAP)
History of
Environmental
4-Materials and Resources
Architecture Solid Waste:
Total quantity of generated municipal solid wastes (household only) in
The Environmental Egypt is estimated with 20 million tons annually (more than 700 gm
Architecture per capita), that is daily generation estimated with 55000 tons. As
Theories and collection and transport efficiency do not exceed 65%, this leads to daily
Principles accumulations of these wastes within residential areas and vacant lands.
Furthermore recycling is not undertaken safely and soundly which
exposes citizens and workers to several health risks. It is noteworthy that
Green Building most landfills, where final disposal of such wastes takes place are
Rating Systems and exposed to intentionally or self burn, which exposes ambient
Analysis of the environment to risks and worsen their conditions , in addition that
most well-known necessary equipment are not available in these sites for wastes’ coverage
Worldwide to prevent such burning.

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA)
History of 5-Water Efficiency
Environmental Water Scarcity for the Nile Basin States
Architecture

The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: www.africanwater.org
History of
Environmental
Architecture Map details Global Water Stressed Countries

The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: News, BBC. "Map details global water stress ." 2006
History of
Environmental
6-Management
Architecture
Management policy, commissioning, site management and
procurement
The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental
7-Pollution
Architecture Black Cloud

The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA)
History of
Environmental
8-Transport
Architecture

The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating Egypt CO2 Emissions by Sector
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
Source: Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA)
History of
Environmental
9-Architectural Design
Architecture
Architectural Design has a major affect on buildings’ sustainability
and environmental efficiency. If a building is well-designed and
The Environmental takes into consideration all environmental aspects from the very
Architecture
beginning, it will positively affect the electro-mechanical work
Theories and
Principles
afterwards and eventually will result in less energy consumption,
and a reduction to all the resources needed.

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental
Conclusion & Recommendations
Architecture

The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles

Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green
Building Rating Egyptian
System for Egypt
Architecture
Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of 1-Energy and 2-Sustainable Sites 3-Indoor
Environmental Atmosphere Environmental
Architecture Quality

The Environmental
Architecture
Theories and
Principles
4-Materials and 5-Water Efficiency 6-Management
Resources
Green Building
Rating Systems and
Analysis of the
most well-known
Worldwide

Developing a Green 7-Pollution 8-Transport 9-Architectural

Building Rating Design
System for Egypt

Conclusions and
Recommendations
History of
Environmental
Recommendations
Architecture Essential factor for the implementation of a Green
Building Rating System in Egypt
The Environmental
Architecture • Raising awareness across all sectors of the building industry.
Theories and
Principles • Government providing incentives for the adoption and application of
environmentally beneficial issues.
Incentives may include tax reduction, priority benefits, etc…
Green Building
Rating Systems and • To incorporate Green Building criteria, mentioned before, into the
Analysis of the existing building codes.
most well-known
Worldwide • Proper enforcement and regular supervision of the application of
Green Building Criteria.
Developing a Green
Building Rating • Introduction of Green Building criteria into the education modules of
System for Egypt different engineering disciplines.

• Building the capacities of all parties and sectors involved in the

Conclusions and building industry, including practitioners, relevant government bodies
Recommendations and academia.
Thank You

Prof. Dr. M. Moemen Afify

moemen@maconsultants-eg.com