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SARVAJANIK EDUCATION

SOCIETY
SARVAJANIK COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
SURAT
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT

Filtration
Mechanical Operation (2150502)

Name Enroll no.


Pansuriya Dhaval 150420105035
Submitted to:
Parasana Nautam 150420105036
Prof. Parth Desai Parmar Saurabh 150420105037
Prof. Vishad Desai Donda Parth 150420105038
Patel Bhavya 150420105039

(of B.E 3 CH – Sem. 5)


Academic Year 2017
OVERVIEW
 1.Membrane
 2.Types of Filtration
 3.Microfiltration
 3.1How it works?
 4.Ultra filtration
 4.1How it works?
 5.Microfiltration vs. Ultra filtration
 6.Reverse Osmosis
 7.Nanofiltration
1.Membrane Processes

• A membrane is a selective barrier that permits the separation of


certain species in a fluid by combination of sieving and diffusion
mechanisms

•Membranes can separate particles and molecules and over a wide


particle size range and molecular weights
2.TYPES OF FILTRATION
 2 Examples:
1. Cross Flow 2. Dead End Flow

Types of flow images from: http://www.che.utexas.edu/nams/IUPAC/iupac.html


TYPE 1: CROSS FILTRATION
 Flow parallel to membrane
surface

 Does not cause buildup,


therefore does not suffer
from reduced flow
overtime

 F = feed;
M = membrane;
P = permeate;
R = retentate (components Cross Flow diagram from:
that do NOT pass through http://www.che.utexas.edu/nams/IUPAC/iupac.html

the membrane)
TYPE 2: DEAD END FLOW
 Flow perpendicular to
membrane surface

 Causes build up of filter


cake on membrane

 F = feed;
M = membrane;
P = permeate (components
that pass through
membrane)
Dead-end Flow diagram from:
http://www.che.utexas.edu/nams/IUPAC/iupac.html
3.MICROFILTRATION
 Separates soluble contaminants remaining within the
supernatant

 Supernatant may include:


 Other proteins
 Bio-molecules
 Un-used growth media

Microfiltration image from:


http://www.aaflow.de/filtertech/index.html
3.1HOW DOES MICROFILTRATION WORK?
 Pressure driven process

 Separates:
 Components in a solution or
suspension based on molecular
size

 Particles size range:


10mm (starches) to aprx.
0.04mm (DNA, Viruses,
and globular proteins)

Microfiltration image from:


http://www.faireymicrofiltrex.com/Vokes%20Mi
crofiltration/media/images/e-fluor.gif
4.ULTRAFILTRATION
 Usually used to further
separate any
contaminants able to
pass through the
microfiltration
membrane using a
pressure gradient

Ultrafiltration image from:


http://www.awatec.ch/produkte/ultrafiltration.jpg
4.1HOW DOES ULTRA FILTRATION
WORK?
 Separates:
 Particle size range:
0.1mm to 0.001mm

 Usually based on
molecular weight
 Typical range:
200 to 300,000 g/mole

Ultrafiltration image from:


http://www.toltecint.com/how_dialysis_works/how_hemodial
ysis_works.htm
5.MICROFILTRATION VS.
ULTRAFILTRATION
 Microfiltration:
 Proteins act as the
permeate

 Ultrafiltration
 Proteins act as the
retentate
Images from:
http://www.geafil
tration.com/html/
technology/ftech
nology.html
MICROFILTRATION VS. ULTRAFILTRATION
 Microfiltration:  Ultrafiltration
 Separates larger particles  Separates smaller particles
 For example-  For example-
 Colloids  Macromolecules
 Fat globules
 Cells
 Located upstream to reduce
load and fouling capacity
on ultrafiltration membrane
downstream
However,
processes are
basically identical
6.WHAT IS OSMOSIS?
The movement of a solvent (water in our
case) across a semi-permeable membrane
from a solution of lower concentration to
a solution of higher concentration that
tends to equalize the concentrations of
solute on the both sides of the membrane.
1. Water flows from a column with a low
dissolved solids content to a column with
a high dissolved solids content
2. Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is
used to stop the water from flowing
through the membrane, in order to create
balance
3. By pursuing pressure that exceeds the
osmotic pressure, the water flow will be
reversed; water flows from the column
with a high dissolved solids content to the
column with a low dissolved solids
content.
7.NANO FILTRATION
 Nano filtration is a technique that has prospered over the past few years.
Today, nano filtration is mainly applied in drinking water purification
process steps, such as water softening, decolouring and micro pollutant
removal.
 Nano filtration is a pressure related process, during which separation takes
place, based on molecule size. Membranes bring about the separation. The
technique is mainly applied for the removal of organic substances, such as
micro pollutants and multivalent ions.
Other applications of nano filtration are:
· The removal of pesticides from groundwater
· The removal of heavy metals from wastewater
· Wastewater recycling in laundries
· Water softening
· Nitrates removal
References:

 http://www.awatec.ch/produkte/ultrafiltration.jpg
 http://www.che.utexas.edu/nams/IUPAC/iupac.html

 http://www.geafiltration.com/html/technology/ftechnolog
y.html
 http://www.toltecint.com/how_dialysis_works/how_hem
odialysis_works.html.
Thank you

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