THE FRUITS

 Fruit the product of the ripened ovary and

may associated with other flower part

 It is the seed –bearing organ of the plant

The wall of fruit is known as pericarp that may be

woody or juicy, it is composed of three parts:
epicarp (outer layer)
mesocarp (middle layer)
endocarp (inner layer).
 Fruits
True fruits False fruit
(Pseudo-carps)
From the ovary of
Composite false
single flower ovary+Other parts of same
fruit
flower take part in
from the whole formation of fruit
inflorescence
Simple Aggregate
receptacle
single or pocarpous
perianth leaves peduncle(rachis)
syncarpous Aovary e.g
ovary sorosis(‫)التوت‬ syconus(‫)التين‬ apple+pear(pome)
aggregate of achene
aggregate of Strawberry
achene (aggregate of achenes)
 Simple fruit
acc. to ovary
Epicrp wall
mesocarp Dry
succulent Pericarp is dry,thin
endocarp
thick woody
Pericarp is thick and fleshy
Pome (the fleshy part is receptacle that surrounds
the ovary completely (pear and apple)
Berry
Hesperidium Orange and lemon
epicarp soft
Thin epicarp, soft mesocarp ,Fleshy endocarp
Endocarp not distinguished Drupe
from mesocarp
Epicarp leathery,mesocarp fleshy
Dates, Grapes, and Tomatoes Endocarp hard woody
Epi+mesocarp form juicy portion
Apricot, Peaches, Olives
Epi+mesocarp dry,fibrous
Cocoa-nuts, Doum
 Dry fruit

Indehiscent fruits Shizocarpic fruits

Dehiscent fruits

Fruit spilit into

Fruit wall remain closed and
Wall opens by spilitting in several
seeds liberated only by
many ways to expel the one_seeded
disintegration of pericarp
seeds indehiscent
portions called
Mericarps
 Indehiscent fruits
Indehiscent fruits

Nut
Achene but Cypsela
Achene derived Caryopsis
pericarpis hard
from bicarpellery (cereals)
Achene and woody
syncarpous inferior Pericarp fused
One seeded ,Pericarp Chestnut with testa
ovary(capitulum
membraneous or leathery maize, wheat
Samara infl)
,separated from seed
coat(testa)
Achene with awing like
outgrowth from
pericarp for wind
dispersal
 Dehiscent Fruit
capsule
silicula
siliqua but short ,flat,
Follicle Legume Siliqua and broad as it is long
From monocarpel ovary pea
Split along ventral suture Like follicle but split two carpels separated
by both ventral and by septum (false
dorsal suturre septum)

Spilit from base to apex

leaving septum attatched above

forming boat like structure

false septum
 Capsular Fruits
More than one carpel ripe open in various ways

Open by lid
e.g‫( السكران المصري‬hyocymous) Open by pores
e.g. (papaver)
Open by teeth
e.g.(clove)
Open by valves

Loculicidal capsule
cotton
Septicidal capsule)
linseed

Septifragal capsule
e.g.(‫)الداتورا‬Datura
Hypanthium
 Shizocarpic fruits
>one carpel
Fruit spilit into several one_seeded indehiscent portions called Mericarps

Lomentum Cremocarp
Regma
Fennel, anise, Double
Like legume or Modified capsule
cumin samara
siliqua+transeverse cocci
Bicallary inferior ovary Two winged
false septum
split between 2carpels indehiscent
+conistrictions
2 mericarps
Cocci fruits

Carpophore
 Fruit
False fruit Composite false
True fruits fruit

Aggregate Simple

succulent Dry
Berry

Drupe Dehiscent Fruit Indehiscent fruits Shizocarpic

Hesperidium by lid
Achene Lomentum
Pome by teeth
Nut Cremocarp
pores Samara
Regma
valves Loculicidal Cypsela
Double samara
Septicidal Caryopsis
Septifragal
Glossary:
Terms of receptacle:
Carpophore: the elongation of receptacle is between carples
Hypantium : the elongation of receptacle is between calyx and ovary
Terms of Perianth:
Petaloid: when Perianth is colored
Sepaloid: when Perianth is green
Apophyllous: when Perianth segments are free
Gamophyllous: when Perianth segments are united
Terms of calyx:
Polysepalous: when sepals are free.
Gamosepalous: when sepals are united.
Epicalyx: stipules of calyx that are united to each others.
Caduous: calyx may fall after the opining of the flower
Persistent: not fallen calyx
Terms of corolla:
Polypetalous: when sepals are free.
Gamopetalous: when sepals are united.
Terms of Androecium:
Didynamous: 4 stamens, two are short and two are long.
Tetradynamous: 6 stamens, two are short and four are long.
Monodelphous: stamens are united through their filaments in one group.
Diadelphous: stamens are united through their filaments in two groups.
Polydelphous: stamens are united through their filaments in several
groups.
Syngenesious: stamens are united through their anthers.
Gynandrous: stamens are attached to pistil.
Epipetalous: stamens are attached to corolla.
Terms of Gynaceium
Apocarpous ovary: when it is consisted of free carpels.
Syncarpous ovary: when it is consisted of united carpels.