C Programming Technique – Firdaus-Harun.

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PSEUDOCODE
Agenda
 Intro to Pseudocode
 Pseudocode vs Flowchart
 Technique – Write pseudocode
 Examples
What’s Pseudocode ?
 Artificial and Informal language
 Helps programmers to plan an algorithm
 Similar to everyday English
 Not an actual programming language
E.g : Pseudocode
Read A, B
Calculate C = A*B
Display C
Stop
Technique
 Do not write Start in every pseudocode
 Parallelogram – Read / Get OR Display /
Print
 Rectangle – Specify the actions
◦ E.g:
 Calculate A = B + C OR A equals to B plus C
 Average = total / count
 Final price equals price of item plus sales tax
 Diamond – [Next »]
Technique (..Cont.)
 Diamond
◦ Selection – IF , IF / ELSE and IF / ELSE IF
IF A is less than B
BIG = B
SMALL = A
ELSE
BIG = A
SMALL = B
◦ Repetition – WHILE / DO/WHILE / FOR [Next
example]
Comparative Between Flowchart vs
Pseudocode
 Flowchart
◦ A graphical way of writing pseudocode
◦ Rounded rectangle – terminal
◦ Parallelogram – input / output
◦ Rectangle – actions
◦ Diamonds – decision / conditional
◦ Circles – connector
E.g : Flowchart
Start Terminal.
Start Program start
here

Read A Input.
Read B Enter values for
A and B

Calculate Resut
C=A*B Process

Display the
Result C Output

Stop Terminal
Stop Program end
here
Comparative Between Flowchart vs
Pseudocode (..Cont.)
 Pseudocode
◦ No syntax rule – Independent from any
programming language
◦ Write in an ordinary language
◦ Uses a structure resembling computer
structure
◦ No connector between pages
E.g : Pseudocode
Read A, B
Calculate C = A*B
Display C
Stop
E.g : Pseudocode
Read A, B – Input
Calculate C = A*B - Action
Display C - Output
Stop - Terminal
Example 2 (Selection)
Read A, B
IF A is less than B
BIG = B
SMALL = A
ELSE
BIG = A
SMALL = B
Write / Display BIG, SMALL
Stop
Example 2 (Selection)
Read A, B - Input
IF A is less than B - Selection
BIG = B - Action
SMALL = A - Action
ELSE - Selection
BIG = A - Action
SMALL = B - Action
Write / Display BIG, SMALL - Output
Stop - Terminal
Example 3 (Repetition)
Set count to zero
Set total to zero
Read number

WHILE ( not end-of-data )

increment count by 1
total = total + number
read number

IF ( count > 0 ) then

average = total / count
Display average
Stop
Advantages
 Converting a pseudocode to a
programming language is much more
easier than converting a flowchart.
 As compared to flowchart, it is easier to
modify a pseudocode of a program logic
when program modifications are
necessary.
Limitations
 In the cases of pseudocode, a graphic
representation of program logic is not
available.
 There are no standard rules to follow for
using a pseudocode.
◦ Different programmers use their own style of
writing pseudocode; and hence,
◦ Communication problem occurs due to lack
of standardization.
Class Tutorial
 *Using previous Flowchart tutorial.
 Write a pseudocode to calculate Area
and Perimeter of a trapezoid.
 Write an algorithm to set a Median for
given number : ………………………..