BEARINGS

&

LUBRICATION
PRINCIPLES OF FRICTION
 TYPES OF BEARINGS
BEARING

PLAIN BEARING ROLLING ELEMENT

OR
ANTI FRICTION BEARING

(AREA CONTACT) (POINT OR LINE CONTACT)

JOURNAL BEARING GUIDE BEARING THRUST BEARING / TILTING PAD

(RADIAL LOAD) (BACK & FORTH) (AXIAL LOAD)
MOTION

SOLID SPLIT HALF TILTING PAD G. CYLINDER & G. VERTICAL FAN

RIDER RING
BALL AND ROLLER BEARING

THRUST

RADIAL
BEARING ARRANGEMENT

THRUST

RADIAL
BEARING ARRANGEMENT
 ANTIFRICTION BEARINGS

• BALL BEARINGS
•RADIAL BALL BEARING
•ANGULAR CONTACT BALL BEARING

• ROLLER BEARINGS
• CYLINDRICAL ROLLER BEARING
• TAPER ROLLER BEARING
• SPHERICAL ROLLER BEARING
• NEEDLE ROLLER BEARING
BEARING NOMENCLATURE
LOAD DIRECTION
BALL BEARINGS
ROLLER BEARINGS
NEEDLE ROLLER BEARINGS
BEARING LIFE
LOAD CARRYING SURFACES
BEARING DESIGNATION
BEARING DESIGNATION
 BEARING FAILURE ANALYSIS

 A SURVEY REVEALS :
 9% FAILURE DUE TO FATIGUE.
 27% FAILURES DUE TO IMPROPER MOUNTING &
DISMOUNTING.
 43% FAIL DUE TO IMPROPER LUBRICATION.
 21% FAILURES DUE TO OTHER CAUSES.

OBJECTIVE:
 100% FAILURES DUE TO NORMAL FATIGUE.
 FRICTION BEARINGS

SLEEVE BEARINGS
TILTING PAD BEARING
WORKING PRINCIPLE
TILTING PAD RADIAL BEARING
TILTING PAD THRUST BEARING
LUBRICATION
 WHY LUBRICATION??

• Formation of protective film to

 Reduce friction
 Prevent corrosion
 Remove wear particles and debris
 Provide efficient cooling
 Reduce wear
 Shock absorption
 Overall life improvement
 LUBRICATION THEORY

• Full film
• Static
• Hydrodynamic
• Elastohydrodynamic
• Application of pressure / load
• Depends upon speeds, loads, lubricant viscosity
• Boundary layer
• Layer separation not complete
• Results from insufficient lube, incorrect lube
 GREASE Vs OIL

When greases?

 Normal speed and temp conditions

 Simpler / cheaper installation
 Better adhesion
 Protection against impurities
 Less frequent application required

When Oils?

 High Speed and temp

 Excellent cleaning and flushing characteristics
 Can be used in recirculative systems
 Can serve better in excessive dirt environment
 More stable than greases
 LUBE OIL PROPERTIES

Viscosity
Viscosity index
Flash point
Pour point
Oxidation stability
Demulsibility
Load carrying ability (EP)
Detergency
TAN / TBN
 TYPES OF LUBRICANTS

• Automotive oils
 Engine oils
 Gear oils
 Transmission oils
 Other oils (preservative oils etc)
• Industrial oils
 Turbine oils
 Hydraulic oils
 Gear oils
 Refrigeration compressor oils
• Greases
• Synthetic oils
 LUBE OIL SELECTION

OEM recommendation
Viscosity & VI
Bearing and lubrication type
Operating temperature
 LUBE OIL MONITORING

Lube oil level

Oil pressure
Oil inlet and outlet temp
Lube cooler inlet & outlet temp
Oil filter DP
Bearing temp
 WDA Concept
 Every lubricated wear surface generates particles
 There is a gradual build up of small particles in a normal system
 When abnormal wear begins, there is no sharp instantaneous increase in the
concentration of small particles present in the system
 Large particles, however, reach a dynamic equilibrium in a normal system
(filtration)
 When abnormal wear begins, there is a dramatic increase in the
concentration of large particles
 Therefore, detection, measurement and analysis of these large wear particles
can provide early and accurate information about the condition of the
machine
 WDA Methodology
• Particle Size
• Composition
• Shape
• Concentration
WDA Trend Graph
 Oil analysis Vs WDA
• Lubricant Analysis
– Monitoring of the lubricant
– Condition of the lubricant
– Viscosity, TAN, TBN, Water content, Insolubles

• Wear debris Analysis

– Monitoring of wear particles
– Condition of the machine
– Quantity of wear particles in ppm
 WDA : Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:
Provides early warning
Identifies lubricant contamination
Identifies specific failing components
Helps monitor component deterioration

Disadvantages:
Trending is necessary
Accuracy depends on sampling point, skill