Vertebrata

Class Amphibia
 Amphibian Characteristics
 Ectothermic tetrapods
 Respiration by lungs, gills, or skin
 Skin moist containing mucous glands, and
lacking scales
 Development includes larval stage prior to
metamorphosis

 Includes the frogs, toads, salamanders, and

caecilians
Frog Skeleton and Muscles

Lab 1
 Amphibian Skeleton

 Axial skeleton
 Skull
 Vertebral Column
 Appendicular Skeleton
 Pectoral Girdle and Forelimbs
 Pelvic Girdle and Hindlimbs
Skull Bones and Structures to Know
Bones: Structures:
 Pterygoid  Occipital condyle
 Dentary  Orbital fossa
 Squamosal  Nasal fossa
 Frontoparietal
 Nasal
 Maxilla
 Vomer
Skull
 Vertebrae Structures

 Transverse Process
 Neural Spine
 Articular Process
 Body
 Vertebral Foramen
Vertebrae
Appendicular Skeleton
 Pectoral Girdle Bones

 Suprascapula
 Scapula
 Clavicle
 Coracoid
 Pelvic Girdle Bones

 Illium
 Ischium
 Pubis
 Forelimb Bones

 Humerus
 Radioulna
 Carpals
 Metacarpals
 Phalanges
 Prepolux
 Hindlimb Bones

 Femur
 Tibiofibula
 Tarsals
 Metatarsals
 Phalanges
 Prehallux
 Sternum Bones

 Episternum
 Omosternum
 Epicoracoid
 Mesosternum
 Xiphisternum
 Skeletal Muscular System

 Trunk Muscles
 Thigh Muscles
 Shank Muscles
 Ventral
Muscles of
Frog
Dorsal
Muscles
of the
Frog
 Ventral Trunk Muscles

 Pectoralis
 Rectus abdominus
 External oblique
 Transversus (= internal oblique)
 Dorsal Trunk Muscles

 Longissimus dorsi
 Coccygeoiliacus
 Muscles of Head, Shoulder, Upper
Arm
 Depressor mandibularis
 Dorsalis scapulae
 Latissimus dorsi
 Triceps brachii
 Deltoid
 Sternoradialis
 Ventral Muscles of Thigh

 Sartorius
 Adductor magnus
 Gracilis major
 Graciilis minor
 Adductor longus
 Dorsal Muslces of Thigh

 Triceps femoris
 Semimembranosus
 Gluteus
 Piriformis
 Muscles of Shank

 Gastrocnemius
 Peroneus
 Tibialis anticus longus
 Extensor cruris
 Tibialis anticus brevis
 Tibialis posticus
Anatomy of the Frog

Lab 2
Mouth Parts
Internal Anatomy
Urogenital System of Frog
Circulatory System of Frog
 Veins
 External jugular  Gastric vein
 Innominate  Intestinal veins
 Subclavian  Splenic vein
 Anterior vena cava  Ventral abdominal vein
 Sinus venosus  Urinogenital vein
 Posterior vena cava  Renal portal vein
 Hepatic vein  Femoral vein
 Hepatic portal  Pelvic vein
 Arteries
 Conus arteriosus  Celiac artery
 Truncus arteriosus  Anterior mesenteric
 Carotid arch artery
 Systemic arch  Hepatic artery
 Pulmocutaneous arch  Splenic artery
 Dorsal aorta  Intestinal artery
 Celiacomesenteric  Uninogenital arteries
artery  Common iliac arteries
Heart of the Frog
 Parts of the Frog Heart

 Right atrium
 Left atrium
 ventricle
Mammalian Heart
(sheep heart)
 Parts of the Sheep Heart
 Right atrium  Aorta
 Left atrium  Precava
 Right ventricle  Pulmonary artery
 Left ventricle  Pulmonary vein
 Tricuspid valve
 Semilunar valve
 Bicuspid valve
Nervous System of the Frog
Brain of the Frog
 Parts of the Frog Brain
 Olfactory nerve  Optic nerve
 Olfactory lobe  Optic lobe
 Cerebrum  Cerebellum
 Medula oblongata
 Spinal cord