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How does radio work?

Chapter 1 : Waves

1.1 Understanding waves


LO: Describe what is meant by wave motion.
Recognise that waves transfer energy without transferring matter.

• Energy can be transmitted by object or in form


of waves
• Waves are energy carriers.
• Waves are transmitted through a medium by
particle vibration.
Type of waves:
What is Transverse Wave?
• A transverse wave is a wave in which the
vibration of particles in the medium is at right
angle to the direction of propagation of the
wave.

•Examples: water waves, light waves


What is Longitudinal Waves
• A longitudinal wave is a wave which the vibration
of particles in the medium is along (parallel to) the
direction of propagation of the wave.

•The slinky spring moves backwards and forwards


to produce a longitudinal wave.
•The wave that travels along the spring consists of
a series of compression and rarefaction.
•Examples: sounds waves.
LO : Compare transverse and longitudinal waves and give
examples of each.

The Difference:
LO : Compare transverse and longitudinal waves and give
examples of each.

The Similarities:
•Both require vibrations
•Both transfer energy
Ripple tank : tank of water used to demonstrate the
properties of water waves.
• Stroboscope is used to
‘freeze’ the motion of
water
• The depth of water in the
tank is uniform to ensure
water waves propagate
with uniform speed.
• Water waves have crests
and troughs.
• A crest is the highest
position .Light rays from the
lamp on top will focus onto
the white screen below.
• The bright lines correspond
The water acts as a lens to to the crests, and the dark
produce a pattern of bright lines correspond to the
and dark regions on a piece of
troughs.
white paper placed under the
tank when light passes
through it.
LO : state what is meant by a wavefront.
• Is lines joining all the point of same phase ( crest-
crest , trough-trough)
• Wavefront is perpendicular to direction of
movement.
LO :state the direction of propagation of waves in relation to
wavefronts.

Wavefront is perpendicular to direction of


movement.
LO : define amplitude, period, frequency, wavelength, wave speed.

Vibration/Oscillation: The movement from one extreme position to the


other and back to the same position.
LO : define amplitude, period, frequency, wavelength, wave speed.
Amplitude (a)
The maximum displacement from its equilibrium position.
Amplitude relates to loudness in sound and brightness in
light.
SI unit: meter, m

Wavelength (λ)
The distance between two adjacent points of the same phase on a wave.
Period (T)
The time taken for an oscillation to complete one cycle.
SI unit is second (s).

Frequency, f
The number of waves produced in one second.
SI unit is Hertz (Hz)

Relation between frequency and period:


Wave Speed (v)
The speed of a wave is the measurement of how fast a crest is moving from a fixed
point.
SI unit is ms-1.

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