Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Dr. Manny Dy
Introduction
Our purpose here is to provide a
moral accounting of globalization.
This is difficult because globalization
is a fact that is still in the making.
Some contend that globalization is
inevitable and it makes no sense to
approve or disapprove of it, much
less to go against it.
Others argue for the human liberty
that is the source of globalization
and advocate for its transformation.
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What is globalization?
Globalization started first as a
material or economic phenomenon
that has become global.
The economic order is none other
than capitalism or free trade.
That free trade is now being
conducted globally is not new.
Asia, Europe and the Americas
have been trading with each other
for more than a century.
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What is new is that the world economy
is heading towards a single, integrated
free market.
This is true of goods and services,
finance and capital, and labor.
This is made possible by the new
electronic technology of information and
telecommunication.
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Main Features of
globalization
Democratization of Finance, Technology
and Information
This congruent democratization has
influenced the cultural, political and
spiritual aspects of human existence:
Homogenization of cultures, trade
liberalization of states, and a universal
civilization (Paul Ricoeur).
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Characteristics of
Universal Civilization
Scientific Spirit: unifying mankind in
abstract, rational level
Technics: accumulation of tools &
their improvement
Rational Politics: states evolving from
dictatorial to democratic form of gov’t
Rational Economy: economic science
& technics converged due to their
cultivation by human sciences
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Universal Lifestyle:
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Positive Values
2. Liberty
removal of barriers to free trade
privatization of state-owned
assets>less bureaucracy, greater
efficiency
greater mobility of production and
capital
more freedom to choose how to
prosper, what to eat, wear, read, write,
learn, etc 9
Positive Values
3. Fairness and Transparency,
Honesty or Integrity
Investments will only flow to a country
where the rules of competition are fair
and transparent, where graft and
corruption and cronyism are not
prevalent.
1997 Asian Crisis due to failure of region
to be truly global.
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Positive Values
4. Democracy and Human Rights
Free market economy has given rise to
flourishing of civil society & gradual
erosion of bureaucratic authoritarianism
in many Asian countries.
Empowerment of consumers and
citizens
liberal democracy in gov’t: rule of law.
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Positive Values
5. Civility due to cultural
homogenization
Similarity in lifestyles brings civility
Avoidance of ethno-nationalism,
ethnocentrism, ethnic rivalry, bigotry,
racism, and the violence that results
from them.
Civility, necessary condition for spiritual
civilization and with democracy for
world peace. 12
Positive Values
6. Peace and Solidarity
People Power I beamed live all over the
world inspired other peaceful transitions
of power.
When famine or natural disaster strikes,
globalization brings it to attention of
peoples all over the world.
Greater awareness and understanding
of other cultures
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Negative Values
1. Poverty
Mostly in developing countries who
cannot catch up with the herd.
22% of world’s population (1.3 billion)
live on less than $1 a day.
Top 300 of 40,000 TNCs account for
25%of world’s assets.
Sweat shops, child labor, exploitation of
women, labor migration from rural to
cities. 14
Negative Values
2. Neglect of Human Rights & Concomitant Loss of
Freedom and Democracy, of Social Justice
New technologies are not free; many
countries have few libraries, computers,
phones.
Domination of TNCs>loss of national
sovereignty, loss of freedom of
individuals and small firms.
Movement of short-term capital affects
living conditions of peoples. 15
Negative Values
3. Market Society
A market society is one where economic
transactions and efficiency invade all
domains of public life & social relations.
Due to mass media & advertising.
Culture of materialism & consumerism,
cult of money.
Gives rise to growth of criminal
activities.
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Negative Values
4. Destruction of Our Natural
Environment
Over-exploitation of the earth’s common
resources
wasteful consumerism has brought
problems of garbage disposal and
pollution.
Loss of biodiversity, endangering many
plant and animal species.
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Negative Values
5. Dismantling of Social Diversity
and Pluralism of Cultures.
Subtle destruction of tradition
domination of a centralized culture
standardization of lifestyle undermines
culture’s self-reliance and identity.
Destruction of “creative nucleus of great
civilizations and great cultures” >loss of
criticalness & spirituality (Ricoeur)
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Moral rectification of
globalization:
The Business/Economy
Responsible Capitalism: promotes well-
being of society as a whole.
Corporations must not be just after
profits but also long-term interests of
consumers, workers, stakeholders, the
community, and the environment.
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The Business/Economy
Fundamentalism, reaction to
homogenization of cultures.
Cultural identity and diversity need to
be preserved. e.g. customs, languages,
historical edifice.
Cultural transmission in the family and
school of human values embodied in
one’s culture, literature and arts.
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Culture and Society
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Solidarity
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