• Caregiver understanding of child development and thus anticipating the child’s needs and understanding behavioR • Educating caregivers about injury prevention Nursing Responsibilities
⬥Need to be aware of risks in each age group in
order for anticipatory prevention teaching to occur. ⬥Also need to have understanding of child development and behavior. ⬥Enables nurse to guide parents regarding childrearing practices that will help prevent problems. ⬥Ideally, discuss risks before each age group Healthy People 2010 Objectives R/T Safety
⬥Commonalities in all age groups:
Poisoning MVA (motor vehicle accident)/Pedestrian accidents Fire Drowning Homicide/suicide Head injuries Food safety Dog bites Sports protection Abuse/assault/rape (covered in a future course) Injury Prevention
⬥all pediatric age groups will include all or
some of the following ategories: Aspiration Suffocation/drowning MVAs (#1 cause of death in all groups x infants) Falls Poisoning Burns Bodily injury Anticipatory Guidance During Infancy
• Infancy includes all the injury prevention
categories Aspiration of foreign objects Suffocation Motor vehicle injuries Falls Poisoning Burns Drowning Bodily injury Infancy cont’d
⬥Three leading causes of accidental death in
U.S. were suffocation, MVAs, drowning ⬥Remember that overall leading cause of death in infants is congenital anomalies, not accidents. ⬥Infant needs constant supervision and vigilance d/t increasing skills and curiosity. During Early Childhood (Toddlers and Preschoolers)
⬥Includes all categories;
⬥Toddlers are at risk because of high activity level, high curiosity, oral fixation, limited reasoning ability, esp. for poisoning ⬥Preschoolers understand reasons for rules; child care focus shifts from protection to education; good time for development of long-term safety behaviors (e.g. swimming lessons, bike helmets) School Age
⬥Includes MVAs, drowning, burns, poisoning,
and bodily damage. ⬥Less injuries d/t more refined coordination and skills, and increased cognition and understanding. Adolescence
⬥Adolescent concerns are pregnancy, STDs
(Sexually Transmitted Infections ), eating disorders, suicide, accidents, homicide ⬥Categories include MVAs, falls, drowning, burns, poisoning , bodily damage. ⬥Caregivers also need information regarding developmental changes and process of gaining independence Selama rentang 7 bulan di 2015, total pelaku kecelakaan mencapai 46.394 orang, dimana sebanyak 7.079 diantaranya pelajar. Usia korban berstatus pelajar sebanyak 14.141 orang atau 19,2 persen dari 73.546 korban. Persentasi korban dengan latar belakang pendidikan Sekolah Lanjutan Atas (SLA) adalah 57 persen, terbanyak kedua adalah Sekolah Lanjutan Pertama (SLP) sebanyak 17 persen, kemudian Sekolah Dasar (SD) sebanyak 12 persen, dan Perguruan Tinggi (PT) sebanyak 6 persen. Sedangkan data Korlantas Polri di 2010-2014, ada 157 ribu anak di bawah umur yang menjadi korban kecelakaan. Sebaliknya, ada setidaknya 25 ribu anak di bawah umur jadi pelaku kecelakaan Adolescence cont’d
⬥MVAs—single greatest cause of serious and
fatal injuries in teens—60% male—alcohol frequently a factor; 10% may have been suicides ⬥Firearms/other weapons—powder, paint, BB ⬥Sports injuries—football with boys; gymnastics with girls. Important that sport fits body type and ability and that protective gear is worn Adolescence cont’d
⬥Adolescents have a sense of indestructiveness
accompanied by the “it won’t happen to me syndrome” causing them to take chances in areas of driving, sex, drugs and alcohol, daredevil activities, and defying authority.