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Definition of motivation:
* The driving force within individuals by which they
attempt to achieve some goal in order to fulfill some
needs or expectation.
The degree to which an individual wants to choose in
certain behavior.
In the work goal context the psychological factors
stimulating the people’s behaviour can be -
• desire for money
• success
• recognition
• job-satisfaction
• team work, etc
Motivation is…
Complex
Psychological
Physical
Unique to each and every person
Context sensitive
Not fully understood
Qualities of Motivation:
Energizes behavior
Directs behavior
Enable persistence towards a goal
Exists in varying details
MOTIVATION AS A
PROCESS:
ENERGY DIRECTION PERSISTENCE
Challenges Choices
Control collaboration
Desired Goals
Feedback
1. Financial incentives
2. Job enlargement
3. Job enrichment
4. Job rotation
5. Participation
6. Delegation of authority
7. Quality of work life
8. Management by objectives
9. Behavior modification
IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION
Self-Actualization Needs
Esteem Needs
Social Needs
Safety Needs
Physiological needs
McGregor’s Theory X and Y
Theory X
Assume that workers have little ambition, dislike
work, avoid responsibility, and require close
supervision.
Theory Y
Assumes that workers can exercise self-direction,
desire, responsibility, and like to work.
Assumption
Motivation is maximized by participative decision
making, interesting jobs, and good group relation.
Motivational Theories X & Y
SA Theory Y - a set of
assumptions of how to
Esteem manage individuals
motivated by higher
Social order needs
Theory X - a set of
Safety & Security assumptions of how to
manage individuals
Physiological motivated by lower order
needs
McClelland’s Need Theory: Need
for Achievement
Need for
Achievement
*Jan. 25, 2012. Short bond paper. Arial 12, 1.5 spacing