Hands-on Training

Basic Hydraulic
Hydraulic Components(3)
Valve

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 Contents

Topic
1. Kind of control valve
2. Directional control valve
3. Pressure control valve
4. Flow control valve

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1. Kind of control valve

Directional control
valve

Control Pressure control

valve valve

Flow control
valve

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 Introduction

Directional Control Valves.

Directional Control Valves provide links between various parts of the
hydraulic system, by connecting of disconnecting and/or changing the
oil flow direction.

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 DCV Designation

P = Pressure Port.

T= Return (Tank) Port.

A&B= Actuator Ports.

Designation:
The number of ports and the number of valve positions that a DCV has
will be the basic to describe the type of valve designation
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 Actuation of Spools.

The spools are moved and controlled by different methods of actuation.

Manually
operated Pneumatic
operated

Hand lever Solenoid

with detent operated

Spring return,
Roller tappet solenoid operated

Spring centered,
Pedal solenoid Operated

Pilot operated,
Hydraulic Electrical controlled
operated

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 Spools

Grooves Metering Notches

What is the function of Grooves?

1. Hold a small amount of oil for lubrication between body and spool.
2. Assists with sealing.
3. Retains small particles of contamination.

What is the function of Metering Notches?

1. Minimizes the possibility of hydraulic lock up.
2. Better control of flow rates with fine operation and cushioning.
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2. Directional control valve
1) What is the Kinds of directional control valve?
Open center valve Closed center valve

Open center Closed center

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2. Directional control valve
2) Open center control valve structure

1- jet sensor
2-Jet sensor3- Valve 5- Return
4- Spool spring 7- Suction valve
orifice relief valvebody

8- Safety suction 9- Check

valve Valve

6- Main Relief valve

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2. Directional control valve
3) Open center control valve operation
Which direction cylinder will move refer
to the Spool position in each picture?

Neutral

Spool moves to left

Oil goes to cylinder bottom side

Spool moves to right

Oil goes to cylinder head side

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2. Directional control valve
4) Closed center control valve structure 1/2
1- Unload 2- Cover
Valve 3-Main Relief valve

4- Return spring

5- Spool

6- Valve Body

High Pressure
Line From
pump (RED)

Low Pressure
Line from Drain
to tank (BLUE) 7- Cover

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2. Directional control valve
4) Closed center control valve structure 2/2

2- LS shuttle valve

3- Pressure Compensation valve

To Actuator “A” port To Actuator “B” port

1- Load Check
Valve Return to Tank
(Blue)

From pump
5- Valve Body (RED) 4 – Safety suction Valve

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3. Pressure control valve
1) Kinds of pressure control valve

Relief valve

Unload valve
Pressure
control valve
Suction valve

Reducing valve

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3. Pressure control valve
2) Kinds of relief valve

Ball type

Direct
Poppet type
acting type

Spool type
Relief
valve Piston type

Differential
pressure type

Single stage
Pilot type
Two stage
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3. Pressure control valve
3) Relief valve structure

2-Pilot poppet Valve seat 4- Sleeve

1- Pilot Poppet 3- Pilot poppet Spring 5 - Holder

6-Retianer

7- Main Relief Valve Seat 9-Main Relief Valve spring

8-Main Relief Valve Piston

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 Main Relief Valves

Two Stage Relief Valve

What is the function of Main Relief Valve?

The Main Relief Valve is designed to maintain a

maximum working pressure. When the hydraulic
oil reaches maximum pressure the relief valve
will allow the flow to return to tank, protecting all
hydraulic components.
Single Stage Relief Valve

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3. Pressure control valve
4) Relief valve operation

d1

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3. Pressure control valve
5) Unload valve structure

1-Holder 2-Spring 3-Spool

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3. Pressure control valve
6) Unload valve operation
LS circuit
b
Neutral

Pump circuit

c
a
Tank circuit
LS circuit
Working

Pump circuit

Tank circuit
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3. Pressure control valve
7) Suction valve structure
2- Spring

1-Valve Body 3- Poppet 4- Valve Seat

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3. Pressure control valve
8) Suction valve operation
Tank circuit Actuator circuit

Normal

Tank circuit Actuator circuit

Suction

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 Safety Suction Valve

Relief of high pressure To Tank

The safety suction valve is to
protect the hydraulic circuit when
the actuator generates its own
pressure. From Actuator
(eg. When a hydraulic cylinder is
pushed by an external force)

The Safety Suction Valve is to

relief positive pressure.

From Tank

When negative pressure is

generated the Safety Suction
Valve will open up and allow oil to To Actuator
flow in from the hydraulic
reservoir stopping excessive
negative pressure.

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3. Pressure control valve Self Pressure
9) Reducing valve structure Reducing valve

8- Spring

7- Sleeve

1- Valve body 2- Spool 3- Spring 4-Poppet 5-Holder 6- Spring

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3. Pressure control valve
11) PPC valve structure
Pilot-pressure Proportional Control

6-Nut
7- Joint

5-Disc

4-Piston
8- Plate
9- Retainer

3-Centering spring

2- Metering spring

1-Spool 10- Valve body

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3. Pressure control valve
12) PPC valve operation

f1

f2

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