REVIEW OF

RELATED LITERATURE
2

OBJECTIVES ▸ To introduce / re-introduce what is a

OF THE literature review
REPORT
▸ To suggest possible sources of
literature reviews

▸ To share some strategies in carrying

out a literature review

▸ To remind how to start writing a

literature review for research
3

HELLO!
We are JM and Maricar :)
4

WHAT DO WE DO
FROM HERE?
Let’s start and get going!
5

“People almost invariably

arrive at their beliefs not on
the basis of proof,
but on the basis of what
they find attractive.”
Immanuel Kant
6

LITERATURE REVIEW
What it is all about?
7

WHAT IS A LITERATURE
REVIEW?
8

WHAT IS A > It is a written document that presents a logically argued

LITERATURE
REVIEW? case founded on a comprehensive understanding of the
current state of knowledge about a topic of study. This
case establishes a convincing thesis to answer the
study’s question.
9

WHAT IS A > It compiles and evaluates the research available on a

LITERATURE certain topic that you are researching and/or writing
REVIEW?
about.
10

WHAT IS A > A literature review is a text of a scholarly paper, which

LITERATURE includes the current knowledge including substantive
REVIEW?
findings, as well as theoretical and methodological
contributions to a particular topic.
11

OBJECTIVE
RECENT AND
UNBIASED
CHARACTERISTICS
OF THE
CITED
CITED
MATERIALS
(Calderon and Gonzales, MATERIALS
1993)

NOT TOO
FEW BUT
RELEVANT
NOT TOO
MANY
12

Literature reviews
are secondary
sources in nature.
They do not report
new or original
experimental work.
13

PURPOSE?
What is the use of literature review?
14

WHAT IS A ▸ To provide a context for the research.

LITERATURE ▸ To justify the research
REVIEW
▸ To ensure the research hasn’t been done before
FOR?
▸ To show where the research fits into the existing body
of knowledge.
▸ To enable the researcher to learn from previous theory
on the subject.
15
▸ To illustrate how the subject has been studied previously.
▸ To highlight flaws in previous research.
▸ To outline gaps in previous research.
▸ To show that the work is adding to the understanding and
WHAT IS A knowledge of the field
LITERATURE ▸ To help refine, refocus or even change the topic.
REVIEW
FOR?
 LEARN
16

About how a research evolved

DISPLAY
Your understanding of a research

PROVIDE
An intellectual context and motivation to your readers
17

A LITERATURE A LITERATURE
REVIEW IS… REVIEW IS NOT…
* An overview of what we know and
IN * A laundry list of everything written
of what we do not know about a
given topic.
A on a topic, where each source gets
its summary paragraph

* Not necessarily, but up-to-date

and includes all major work on the
NUTSHELL * An annotated bibliography

topic.
* A literary or book review
* Intellectual context for your
original research

* Motivation for your original

research
18

HOW TO
WRITE A
LITERATURE
REVIEW?
19

WHERE TO START?
Where do we go from here?
20
Primary Secondary
Usually a report by the Description or summary by
original researchers of a somebody other than the
certain study. original researchers.

SOURCES
FOR
LITERATURE Conceptual/ Anecdotal/
REVIEW
(Cronin et. al., 2008) Theoretical Opinion
Papers concerned with Views or opinions about the
the description or subject that are not
analysis of theories or research, review or
concepts associated with theoretical in nature.
the topic.
21

SUMMARY
Briefly state the argument and main
points of relevant research
STRATEGIES
FOR
LITERATURE
REVIEW

SYNTHESIS
(APU Writing Center,
2008)

combine ideas in order to form an

integrated theory or system through
critical evaluation, comparison and
contrast, etc.
22

ANALYSIS
Closely examine the elements or structure
of the research and interpret through
STRATEGIES the lens of the field.
FOR
LITERATURE
REVIEW

EVALUATION
(APU Writing Center,
2008)

Assess the research based on

criteria you choose, state and
explain.
23
Summarizes and evaluates the
existing knowledge on a particular
topic.
• Selecting and identifying
research interest or issue for
inquiry
BASIC • Narrow this down to a research
topic
LITERATURE • From this, a case that argues the
REVIEW research thesis is developed

VS
ADVANCE Questions the current state of
knowledge about the topic in order
LITERATURE to define an area for new research.
REVIEW
• Addresses the current state of
knowledge about the study
question.
• The researcher proposes a thesis
defining an issue for further
study.
24
Review Synthesis Writing
APA of the the review
Guidelines literature

Guidelines
for Writing a
Literature Decide on
Summarize Developing
into a table
Review a topic or concept
a coherent
essay
map format

Identify
Analysis of
the
the
literature
literature
for review
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THANKS!
For Listening!