Engine Governor

 Governor is a device which controls the

speed of engine automatically in the
prescribed limits.
Function of Governor
 The principal control device on
any engine is the governor. It
governs or controls the engine
speed at some fixed value while
power output changes to meet
demand. This is achieved by the
governor automatically adjusting
the engine fuel pump settings to
meet the desired load at the set
speed.
Types of Governor
 Mechanical Governor

 Hydraulic Governor

 Electronic Governor
 Mechanical Governor
 In mechanical centrifugal flyweight govern
ors, two forces oppose each other. One of
these forces is tension spring (or springs)
which may be varied either by an adjusting
device or by movement of the manual
throttle. The engine produces the other
force. Weights, attached to the governor
drive shaft, are rotated, and a centrifugal
force is created when the engine drives the
shaft. The centrifugal force varies with the
speed of the engine.
 Hydraulic Governor
Although hydraulic governors have
more moving parts and are generally more
expensive than mechanical governors, they
are used in many applications because they
are more sensitive, have greater power to
move the fuel control mechanism of the
engine, and can be timed for identical speed
for all loads.
The basic principle of a hydraulic
governor is very simple. When the governor
is operating at control speed or state of
balance, the pilot valve closes the port and
there is no oil flow.
 Electronic Governor
Electronic governor uses magnetic speed
sensor to monitor the rpm of the engine. The sensor
continuously feeds information back to the ECM
(electronic control module). The ECM then computes
all the information sent from all other engine sensors,
such as the throttle position sensor, turbocharger-
boost sensor, engine oil pressure and temperature
sensor, engine coolant sensor, and fuel temperature to
limit engine speed.
The MPS is installed next to a drive shaft gear
made of a material that reacts to a magnetic field. As
each gear tooth passes the MPS, the gear interrupts
the MPS’s magnetic field. This, in turn, produces an ac
current signal, which corresponds to the rpm of t
he engine. This signal is sent to the ECM to establish
the amount of fuel that should be injected into the
combustion chambers of the engine.
Layout of the Electronic Governor
Closed Loop Control
Control loop for the Governor
Summing Points
Elements of the Control Loop
Characteristic of PID
Speed Sensors
 Proximity Probes
 Proximity Probes or Proximity Switches
are active devices usually used where
slow rpm or a large air gap is required.
This is necessary due to the large
runout of the monitored gear and the
slow speeds of large engines or turning
gears on turbines. These have a slower
surface speed which a MPU cannot
detect.

 Proximity probes require an external

power supply, usually 24 Vdc to
operate.
Proximity Probe Sensing
 Magnetic Probe
 Single pole, alternating current, electric
generator.
 Single magnet, attached to a pole piece which is
wrapped with multiple layers of copper wire.
 The ferrous gear teeth and the magnet creates a
path for the magnetic lines of force.
 Making and breaking of the Flux Lines induces an
alternating voltage into the coil around the pole
piece.
 Each pulse is represented by a gear tooth
passing by the Magnetic Pick-up.
 The Impedance of a Magnetic Pick-up is
approximately 220 ohms.
Magnetic Probe Sensing
Frequency Calculation