Stress Tolerance of the Endemic Antarctic

Brown Algae Desmarestia anceps to UV

Radiation and Temperature is Mediated by
High Concentrations of Phlorotannins
Maulana Malik Nashrulloh
60110800501

BIT612
Cited Work:
Flores-Molina, M.R., Rautenberger, R., Muñoz, P., Huovinen, P., Gómez, I. 2016. Stress Tolerance of the
Endemic Antarctic Brown Alga Desmarestia anceps to UV Radiation and Temperature is Mediated by High
Concentrations of Phlorotannins. Photochemistry and Photobiology. Volume 92, Issue 3: 455–466
Introduction

This is Antartica,
The Loneliest
and Coldest
Continent in The
Earth…
Introduction
Dangers in the Water

Extreme seasonal changes

in air temperatures, light
regimes and wind
speed,
And surrounded
by the Most Considerable disruptions of
Dangerous Water the upper tidal positions
in The Earth, the in coastal ecosystems by
Southern Ocean floating sea ice and icebergs
 Introduction
Seawater
surface

• Good • Low
Anchoring temperature
• Stable • UV Radiation
≥ 5 m deep

environment Exposure
• High nutrient (Can reach 15
availability m bsl)
(NO3-,PO43-, • Low light
Minerals) irradiance of
PAR spectrum
(400-700nm)

Rock bed “Bed” or “Forest”

Desmarestia anceps Habitus

 Introduction
Why interesting?
• Endemic to Western Antartic Peninsula
(WAP) region
• Play role as ecosystem engineer, as play role
in maintaining coastal environment in WAP
and maintaining nutrient cycle
• Able to thrive in subtidal benthic region of
WAP (10 – 30 m, 0 – 5 °C)
• Cold adapted
• High phlorotannins content (all not yet
identified  ), but has promising
antimicrobial activity

(a) Photograph of the habitus of the endemic Antarctic brown macroalgae Desmarestia anceps (primary stem with lateral
branches and apical pieces) and (b) temperature demands for photosynthesis and growth of both its gametophytes and
sporophytes in relation to environmental temperature regimes (boxed) measured on King George Island (South Shetland
Islands, Antarctica). P:R ratio: photosynthesis-to-dark respiration ratio, UST: Upper survival temperature
Introduction
UV Danger Lurking in
Antartica because its
adjacency with Ozone Hole

UV
Introduction
Cellular Damages caused by UV

UV
• Structural changes or • Limits the efficiency of
denaturation of photosynthetic
various proteins • Decrease of

EFFECTS
• Deterioration of mitochondrial
membrane functions respiratory electron
transport rates
• Nutrient uptake
disrupted
Introduction
• Algae system against UV stress
• such as increasing activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes (e.g. superoxide
dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase),
• synthesizing antioxidants such as ascorbate and glutathione
 Experiment

Schematic drawing of the experimental set-up used for the combined exposure of Desmarestia anceps to
photosynthetically active radiation (PAR: 400–700 nm) in absence and presence of ultraviolet radiation (UV = UV-A + UV-
B: 280–400 nm) at three different temperatures (2 ± 1, 7 ± 1 and 12 ± 1°C). Two PAR (white tubes) and two UV-emitting
fluorescence tubes (blue tubes) were placed above all macroalgal culture tanks. Six apical pieces deriving from one
individual were placed in each culture tank, which were covered by either an UV cutoff or an UV-transmitting filter (for
details see Materials and Methods). Temperatures were adjusted using a temperature control unit
 Spectral composition of the two radiation regimes in the experiment (PAR: dashed/dotted line, PAR + UV: solid line) and
the biologically weighted irradiances calculated using the action spectra for both DNA damage and photoinhibition of
photosynthesis (inlet).
Results
Effect of the radiation (PAR and
PAR+UV) and temperature
treatments on Fv/Fm of
Desmarestia anceps in response
to PAR (black columns) and
PAR+UV (gray columns)
treatments at different
temperatures: (a) 2°C, (b) 7°C and
(c) 12°C.
Data are means ± SDs (n = 3)
 Results

Relationships between (a) the percentage of inhibition of Fv/Fm versus biologically effective dose (kJ m 2 ) for the
inhibition of photosynthesis in isolate chloroplast (33) during 48 h of laboratory exposure at three different temperatures
(2, 7 and 12°C). Data are mean SDs (n = 3).
 Results

Ultrastructure and localization of phlorotannins in Desmarestia anceps. (a) Cross section of mature apical pieces imaged
under bright field; (b) localization of phlorotannin rich regions (ph) using violet–blue light excitation where phenolic
compounds are imaged as white to blue–green and chlorophyll as orange–red autofluorescence. (c) toliudine blue stained
cross section of cortex showing the arrangement of vegetative cells and unilocular sporangia; (d) transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) image of cortical cells showing large and abundant phlorotannin containing physodes (phy). Other
structures: chloroplasts (chl); nucleus (n), cell wall (cw)
Results
Total soluble phlorotannin
contents of Desmarestia anceps in
response to PAR (black columns)
and PAR+UV (gray columns)
treatments at different
temperatures: (a) 2°C, (b) 7°C and
(c) 12°C.
Data are means ± SDs (n = 3)
Results
Variation in the cellular
antioxidant capacity of extracts of
Desmarestia anceps in response
to PAR (black columns) and
PAR+UV (gray columns)
treatments at different
temperatures: (a) 2°C, (b) 7°C and
(c) 12°C.
Data are means ± SDs (n = 3)
Results
Correlation between (a) total
soluble phlorotannins and the
cellular antioxidant capacity as
well as (b) total soluble
phlorotannins and the percentage
of UV-induced inhibition of Fv /Fm
in Desmarestia anceps