Phonetic and graphic

means of stylistics
L/O/G/O
 OUTLINE
1. Phonetic means of stylistics.
Sound symbolism

1.1. Versification: rhyme and rhythm.

1.2. Instrumentation: alliteration,

assonance, onomatopoeia.
2. Phonetic and graphic means of stylistics.
Graphon.
The main unit of the phonological level is
phoneme.
Phoneme can differentiate meaningful
language units but has no meaning of its
own

pit-pot
sing-sung
Sound-symbolism

• ???
Some sounds and sound clusters
have a strong associative meaning
‘u’, ‘d’, ‘r’ are frightening;
‘i’, ‘e’ – happy, pleasant;
‘m’, ‘n’, ‘l’ – tender
?? Bouba ???Kiki
The patterns of sound arrangement include
versification and instrumentation.
Versification is the art of writing
poetry in keeping with certain rules
based on language regularities and
poets’ experience.

The main concepts of versification are

rhyme and rhythm.
• Instrumentation is the art of selecting and
combining sounds in order to make the
utterance expressive and melodic.
 The main phonostylisitc devices are
alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia
Alliteration is the repetition of the same (or
similar) sounds or sound clusters, usually
consonants, of stressed syllables in
neighboring words or at short intervals within
a line or passage, usually at word beginnings.

Wind whines and whines the shingle,

The crazy pierstakes groan;
A senile sea numbers each single
Slimesilvered stone
(James Joyce “On the beach of Fontana”).
 Dewdrops Dancing Down Daisies
Don't delay dawns disarming display .
Dusk demands daylight .
Dewdrops dwell delicately
drawing dazzling delight .
Dewdrops dilute daisies domain.
Distinguished debutantes .
Diamonds defray delivered
daylights distilled daisy dance
- Paul Mc Cann -
 Газель
Сліпучо-срібна стрічка снігу …
Сороки скрекіт стрішить стіху.
Село селянські слуха сни.
Сніг сніється-снується стиха …
Спросоння скрикне сива сойка.
Старезний стовбур – скрушно сміхом …
Сахнеться серце …стрепенеться
Сказанням старовинним скіфа
(А.Мойсієнко)
Тиша.
Терпіння.
Туман.
Обрій чекання в очах.
День – усвідомлений жах.
День –
дивовижний
дурман.
Попіл.
Примари.
Полин.
Всесвіт чекає богів.
Рветься життя з берегів.
Хлюпає
Хвиля
Хвилин (О.Гаран)
• And then came Black Leclère, to lay his heavy
hand on the bit of pulsating puppy life, to press
and prod and mold till it became a big bristling
beast, acute in knavery, overspilling with hate,
sinister, malignant, diabolic (J.London)

• Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice (Jane

Austin)

• pretty as a picture, dead as a doornail, bag and

baggage, bread and butter, between the devil
and the deep blue sea.
• “You'll never put a better bit of butter on your
knife." (advertising slogan for Country Life
butter)
• "The daily diary of the American dream." (a
slogan of The Wall Street Journal)
• http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=U97lbv0_A2I&list=PL
CFA728059D956411
Assonance is the repetition of similar vowel
sounds, usually close together, to achieve a
particular effect of euphony.

We real cool. We
Left school. We
Lurk late. We
Strike straight. We
Sing sin. We
Thin gin. We
Jazz June. We
Die soon.
Gwendolyn Brooks “We Real Cool”
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost
“He gives his harness bells a shake
To ask if there is some mistake.
The only other sound's the sweep
Of easy wind and downy flake.

The woods are lovely, dark and deep.

But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.”
• Onomatopoeia is the naming of a thing or
action by a vocal imitation of the sound
associated with it (such as buzz, hiss, zoom,
whiz, crash, ding-dong).
 "Cynthia in the Snow"
by Gwendolyn Brooks
It sushes.
It hushes
The loudness in the road.
It flitter-twitters,
And laughs away from me.
It laughs a lovely whiteness,
And whitely whirs away,
To be,
Somewhere else,
Still white as milk or shirts.
So beautiful it hurts.
 Siesta of a Hungarian Snake
Edwin Morgan

S sz sz SZ sz SZ sz ZS zs ZS zs zs z
Phonological and graphological
means of stylistics
• spacing of graphemes (hyphenation,
multiplication) and of lines
• all changes of the type (italics, bold type)
• capitalization
• absence of capital letters
• punctuation
• intentional violation of spelling
Hyphenation
“Where is Unga? Who is Unga?”
“She - is - in - the - snow.”
“Go on!” The Kid was pressing his wrist
cruelly.
“So – I - would - be - in - the - snow - but - I -
had - a - debt - to - pay. It - was - heavy - I -
had - a -debt – to - pay - a - debt - to - pay - I
– had - ”. The faltering monosyllables ceased,
as he fumbled in his pouch and drew forth a
buckskin sack
Doubling or multiplication
• Thag stepped forward softly and swiftly, but
the monster, dreaming of danger, opened one
eye and struggled to its feet with a mighty
“scaroooooff!”.
Italics
• Poirot was shaken; shaken and embittered.
Miss Lemon, the efficient miss Lemon, had
let him down! A Pekinese dog! A Pekinese
dog!
Capitalisation
since feeling is first
since feeling is first
who pays any attention
to the syntax of things
will never wholly kiss you;…
…
we are for each other: then
laugh, leaning back in my arms
for life’s not a paragraph
And death i think is no paranthesis

e.e.cummings
 Lord, who createdst man in wealth and store,
Though foolishly he lost the same,
Decaying more and more,
Till he became
Most
With thee
O let me rise
As larks, harmoniously,
And sing this day thy victories:
Then shall the fall further the flight in me.
My tender age in sorrow did beginne.
And still with sickness and shame
Spacing of lines

Thou didst so punnish sinne.

That I became
Most thinne.
With thee
Let me combine
And feel this day thy victorie:
For if I imp my wing on thine,
Afflection shall advance the flight in me.

George Herbert
(1593-1633)
Easter Wings
Donald Finkel (b. 1929)
Gesture
My arm sweeps down
a pliant arc
whatever I am
streams through my
negligent wrist:
the poem
uncoils
like a
whip, and
• snaps
• softly an inch from your enchanted face.
Graphon is an intentional violation of the
graphical shape of a word (or word
combination) used to reflect its authentic
pronunciation.
Leclere turned to John Hamlin, storekeeper
of the Sixty Mile Post. “Dat f’ w’at Ah lak
heem. ‘Ow moch, eh, you, M’sieu? ‘Ow
moch? Ah buy heem, now; Ah buy heem
quick”.
• It indicates irregularities or carelessness of
pronunciation, supplies information about
the speaker’s origin, social and
educational background, physical or
emotional condition. It also individualizes
the character’s speech, adds plausibility,
vividness, memorability.
• “The b-b-b-ast-ud seen me c-c-coming”
(stumbling).
• “You don’t mean to thay that thith ith your firth
time” (lisping).
• “Ah like ma droap o’Scatch, d’ye ken” (Scotch
accent). – I like my drop of Scotch.
“Hish mishish, it ish hish mishish. Yesh”.
(J.B.Priestley)
I had a coach with a little seat in fwont with an iwon
wail for the dwiver. (Dickens) – (с гашеткой
впегеди для кучега).
 Young Gal’s Blues
Langston Hughes
I’m gonna walk to de graveyard
‘Hind ma friend Miss Cora Lee
Gonna walk to de graveyard
‘Hind ma friend Cora Lee
Cause when I’m dead some
Body’ll have to walk behind me
Thank You!

L/O/G/O