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• Channel Concepts
• Call Setup
• Definitions of SDCCH
• SDCCH Congestion
• SDCCH Dimensioning
•Downlink Channel
•BTS: Transmits a carrier frequency (Pure sine wave of 67.7 Khz)
This Solve 2 purpose :
a> Make sure that this is BCCH Carrier
b> To allow the MS to synchronize to the frequency
•MS: After Switch on MS Scan for this channel, since it has no information
to which frequency to use. FCCH carrier enables a mobile to tune its
frequency to that being broadcast by the BTS.
•Downlink Channels
•BTS: Transmits TDMA Frame number + Base Station
Identity Code (BSIC= NCC + BCC )
•Downlink Channels
•Downlink Channels
•RACH can also used if the MS wants to make a contact the NW/
Originating calls
•Downlink channel
•System Signaling
•Call Setup
•Authentication
•Location Update
neighboring BTS’s
More..
F : One Stealing Bit:=0 Indicates 57bit packet contains user data or speech
:=1 Indicates burst stolen for FACCH Signalling
RxQual derived from the 26 bit midable from the TDMA frame
TB TB GP
ALL ZERO 142 BITS
3 3 8.25
Synchronization Bursts:
This burst is used for time synchronization of the MS
39Bit x 2=78 Bits :Are decoded to arrive 25-SCH control bits and that contains
the information of the NCC ,BCC & TDMA FN
64 Bits : Long training seq. of 64 Bits are identical for all BTS
Access Bursts:
This burst is used only for initial access by the MS to the BTS which applies 2 cases :
•For connection setup when idle state where a CHAN_REQ message is sent using
access burst
•For HO when MS send HND_ACC message.
CCCH is replaced by the dummy page, when there is no paging message to transmit.
1 Time slot = 156.25 bits durations (15/26 = 0.577 ms )
58Bits: Coded with pseudo random bit seq. to prevent confusion with Freq correction burst
0 1 7 0 1 7 0 1 7
F0 F1 F2-F5 F6-9 F10 F11 F12-F15 F16-19 F20-23 F24 F25 F26-29 F30 F31 F32-F35 F36-F39 F40 F41 F42-F45 F46-49 F50
TS-0 F S BCCH CCCH F S BCCH CCCH CCCH F S CCCH F S CCCH CCCH F S CCCH CCCH I
R: RACH 1 TS
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 7
F0-F3 F4-F7 F8-F11 F12-F15 F16-F19 F20-F23 F24-F27 F28-F31 F32-F35 F36-F39 F40-F43 F44-F47 F48 F49 F50
SDCCH0 SDCCH1 SDCCH2 SDCCH3 SDCCH4 SDCCH5 SDCCH6 SDCCH7 SACCH0 SACCH1 SACCH2 SACCH3 I I I
SDCCH0 SDCCH1 SDCCH2 SDCCH3 SDCCH4 SDCCH5 SDCCH6 SDCCH7 SACCH4 SACCH5 SACCH6 SACCH7 I I I
F0-F3 F4-F7 F8-F11 F12 F13 F14 F15-F18 F19-F22 F23-F26 F27-F30 F31-F34 F35-F38 F39-F42 F43-F46 F47-F50
SACCH5 SACCH6 SACCH7 I I I SDCCH0 SDCCH1 SDCCH2 SDCCH3 SDCCH4 SDCCH5 SDCCH6 SDCCH7 SACCH0
SACCH1 SACCH2 SACCH3 I I I SDCCH0 SDCCH1 SDCCH2 SDCCH3 SDCCH4 SDCCH5 SDCCH6 SDCCH7 SACCH4
I: IDLE 1 TS
SDCCH 4 TS
SACCH 4 TS
0 1 2 7 0 1 0 1 2 7
F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16 F17 F18 F19 F20 F21 F22 F23 F24 F25 F26
T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T T T I
T: TCH 1 TS
A: SACCH
The SDCCH are used in some different ways in the GSM network:
SDCCH congestion: All SDCCH in a cell are at the same time busy for a
period of time which leads to rejection for new MS.
Reasons :
• Hanging SDCCH: Are SDCCH that are hanging busy and unusable for a
long time (many minutes or indefinite).
Hanging SDCCH are generally caused by SW faults.
Call Setup: Mean Holding time =2.7 Sec(MOC) & 2.9 Sec(MTC)
Mob Originating Traffic (Incl B Ans) =0.8 BHCA
Mob Terminating Traffic (Incl B Ans) =0.4 BHCA
• Congestion of TCH/TRA/RALT
Will increase CP execution time before rejecting Imm Ass. Minor increase in mean hold time expected.
• Handover on SDCCH
Handover on SDCCH will in itself increase mean hold time on SDCCH. However minor increase is
expected.
• Congestion on Air-interface
Congestion on Air-interface leads to delay in communication to the MS. Can give timeout in BSC
during Imm Ass.Increases SDCCH mean hold time with more than 2 seconds.
• Congestion on A-interface
Congestion on the A-interface will lead to increased mean hold time on SDCCH. Increase is unknown.
It is recommended to choose
1 SDCCH/8 as the basic configuration for all the cells,
If LA> 2100 Erlang (500 TRX)
AC : Average Cells
BC : Border Cells
IC : Inner Cells
•SDCCH Traffic
•TCH Traffic
•SDCCH/TCH Load Ratio %
•SDCCH Congestion
•TCH Congestion
•SDCCH Mean Holding Time
•Availability of SDCCH Channels
•Availability of TCH Channels
ACCSTATE : Activate/Deactivate the Adaptive config of logical channel feature per cell basis
SLEVEL: The attempt to increase the number of SDCCH/8 will take place when allocation of an
SDCCH has failed due to congestion.
STIME :Parameter STIME determines how long the system waits before the number of SDCCH/8 added
by this function is decreased when the demand for signalling channels has returned to a low level
BTDM :Implicit detach supervision should be equal or longer than T3212 in BSC.
GTDM : is an extra Gurad time in minutes before the subscriber is set to detach.
RLINKT: Radio link time-out This parameter defines the time before an MS disconnects a call due to failure
in decoding SACCH messages. The parameter is given as number of SACCH periods (480ms).
Thank you
RACH
4>Channel Req(On RACH) 5>Channel Reqd (Access Delay)
UA(Paging Resp) Unnumbered Ack 9>Estblish Ind (Paging Resp) 9>Conn Req (Paging Resp: BSC
Frame which confirms only 1 MS is IMSI+MS Class add CGI)
using Sig Channel
SDCCH 10>Auth Req (128 bit RAND+
10>Auth Req (128 bit 10>Auth Req (128 bit RAND+3bitCKSN) 3bit CKSN)
RAND+3bitCKSN)
SDCCH
11>Auth Response (MS Calculate 11>Auth Response (SRES)
SRES & Kc with its own Ki stored in 11>Auth Response (SRES)
SIM by appling algorithm A3&A8)
Next..
TCH
20>Assign Comp (MS tune to TCH 20>Assign Comp (MS tune to TCH
and send Ind that Chan is Seized) 20>Assign Comp (MS tune to TCH
and send Ind that Chan is Seized) and send Ind that Chan is Seized)
21>RF Chann Realease
TCH 21>RF Chann Realease Ack
22>Alert (MS Send Alert to MSC as 22>Alert (MS Send Alert to MSC as
soon as the ringing is started in MS) 22>Alert (MS Send Alert to MSC as
soon as the ringing is started in MS) soon as the ringing is started in MS)
TCH
23>Connect (When MS Sub Answer 23>Connect (When MS Sub Answer
the Conn message sent to MSC) 23>Connect (When MS Sub Answer
the Conn message sent to MSC) the Conn message sent to MSC)
TCH 24>Connect Ack
24>Connect Ack 24>Connect Ack Exit..