Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Agenda
Introduction to traffic engineering
Brief history
Vocabulary
Requirements for Traffic Engineering
Basic Examples
Traffic protection
Secondary LSPs
Hot-standby LSPs
Fast Reroute
1 1
A B
1 2
C
1 4
A B
1 2
C
RFC 2702
Requirements for Traffic Engineering over MPLS
A
Physical
View
B
C
A
Logical
C
View
B
Requirements
Control
Measure
Characterize
Integrate routing and switching
All at a lower cost
IP Packet …
32-bit
MPLS Header
Label
Used to match packet to LSP
Experimental bits
Carries packet queuing priority (CoS)
Stacking bit
Time to live
Copied from IP TTL
San
Francisco
New York
San
Francisco
San
Francisco
134.112/16
134.112/16
IP New York
134.112.1.5
0
San 1965
Francisco 1026
Santa Fe
134.112/16
New York
San
Francisco
Santa Fe
134.112/16
New York
San
Francisco
Santa Fe
IP 134.112/16
New York
San
Francisco
Santa Fe
Example Topology
Router X
IGP Link Metric
Router B 10 Router C
10 192.168.0.1 192.168.2.1 10
Router D
192.168.24.1
Router A 30 30
192.168.16.1
Router E
192.168.5.1
20
20
30
Router F 20 Router G
192.168.8.1 192.168.12.1
Example Topology
Router X
Router B Router C
192.168.0.1 192.168.2.1
Router D
192.168.24.1
Router A
192.168.16.1
Router E
192.168.5.1
Router F Router G
192.168.8.1 192.168.12.1
RFC 2205
Egress
C E F
LSR
ERO
B strict;
C strict;
E strict;
D strict;
F strict;
A B D
Ingress Strict
LSR
Egress
C E F
LSR
ERO
D loose;
A B D
Ingress Loose
LSR
Egress
C E F
LSR
ERO
C strict;
D loose;
F strict;
A B D Strict
Ingress Loose
LSR
Router B Router C
192.168.0.1 192.168.2.1
Router D
192.168.24.1
Router A
192.168.16.1
Router E
192.168.5.1
Router F Router G
192.168.8.1 192.168.12.1
Router B Router C
192.168.0.1 192.168.2.1
Router D
192.168.24.1
Router A
192.168.16.1
Router E
192.168.5.1
Router F Router G
192.168.8.1 192.168.12.1
Identifies session
ASCII character string for LSP name
San
Francisco
(Ingress)
Miami
Seattle
New York
(Egress)
3
San
Francisco
(Ingress)
Miami
Router B Router C
192.168.0.1 192.168.2.1
Router D
192.168.24.1
Router A
192.168.16.1
Router E
192.168.5.1
Router F Router G
192.168.8.1 192.168.12.1
Router B Router C
192.168.0.1 192.168.2.1
Router D
192.168.24.1
Router A
192.168.16.1
Router E
192.168.5.1
Router F Router G
192.168.8.1 192.168.12.1
Router B Router C
192.168.0.1 192.168.2.1
Bronze
Router D
192.168.24.1
Router A
192.168.16.1
Router E
192.168.5.1
Bronze
Router F Router G
192.168.8.1 192.168.12.1
LSP
Most fill, Least fill, Random Router X
Router B Router C
192.168.0.1 192.168.2.1
20
20 Router D
20 192.168.24.1
30 30
Router A
192.168.16.1
Router E
192.168.5.1
20
20
30
Router F 20 Router G
192.168.8.1 192.168.12.1
Router B Router C
192.168.0.1 192.168.2.1
20
20 Router D
20 192.168.24.1
30 30
Router A
192.168.16.1
Router E
192.168.5.1
20
20
30
Router F 20 Router G
192.168.8.1 192.168.12.1
Router B Router C
192.168.0.1 192.168.2.1
20
20 Router D
20 192.168.24.1
30 30
Router A
192.168.16.1
Router E
192.168.5.1 20
20
30
20
Router F Router G
192.168.8.1 192.168.12.1
20
10 10
Router B Router C
192.168.0.1 192.168.2.1
Bronze
Router D
192.168.24.1
Router A
192.168.16.1 30
30
Router E
192.168.5.1
20
20 30
Bronze
Router F Router G
192.168.8.1 192.168.12.1
20 Slide 93
Traffice Engineering with MPLS–APRICOT 2000–1 March 2018
Copyright © 2000, Juniper Networks, Inc.
Adaptive Mode
Applies to
LSP rerouting
Primary & secondary sharing links
Avoids double counting
SE Reservation style
Shared
link
Ingress Egress
A C D C
LSR LSR
F E
Session 1
Session 2
Router A
192.168.16.1 30
30
Router E
192.168.5.1
20
20 30
Bronze
Router F Router G
192.168.8.1 192.168.12.1
20 Slide 96
Traffice Engineering with MPLS–APRICOT 2000–1 March 2018
Copyright © 2000, Juniper Networks, Inc.
Fast Reroute
Configured on ingress router only
Detours around node or link failure
~100s of ms reroute time
Detour paths immediately available
Crank-back to node, not ingress router
Uses TED to calculate detour
D
B
C Slide 99
Traffice Engineering with MPLS–APRICOT 2000–1 March 2018
Copyright © 2000, Juniper Networks, Inc.
Fast Reroute Example
Enable fast reroute on ingress
A creates detour around B
B creates detour around C
C creates detour around D
F
D
B
C Slide 100
Traffice Engineering with MPLS–APRICOT 2000–1 March 2018
Copyright © 2000, Juniper Networks, Inc.
Fast Reroute Example -
Short Term Solution
B to C link fails
B immediately detours around C
B signals to A that failure occurred
D
B
C Slide 101
Traffice Engineering with MPLS–APRICOT 2000–1 March 2018
Copyright © 2000, Juniper Networks, Inc.
Fast Reroute Example –
Long Term Solution
A calculates and signals new primary
path
D
B
C Slide 102
Traffice Engineering with MPLS–APRICOT 2000–1 March 2018
Copyright © 2000, Juniper Networks, Inc.
LSP Rerouting
Initiated by ingress LSR
Exception is fast reroute
Conditions that trigger reroute
More optimal route becomes available
Failure of a resource along the LSP path
Preemption occurs
Manual configuration change
Make before break (if adaptive)
Establish new LSP with SE style
Transfer traffic to new LSP
Tear down old LSP
134.112/16
Router B Router C
192.168.0.1 192.168.2.1
Router D
192.168.24.1
Router A
192.168.16.1
Router E
192.168.5.1
Configure a
“next hop self”
policy on
Router D
Router F Router G
192.168.8.1 192.168.12.1
134.112/16
Router B Router C
192.168.0.1 192.168.2.1
Router D
192.168.24.1
Router A
192.168.16.1
Router E
192.168.5.1 IGP Passive
interface
Router F Router G
192.168.8.1 192.168.12.1
134.112/16
Router B Router C
192.168.0.1 192.168.2.1
Router D
192.168.24.1
Router A
192.168.16.1
Router E
192.168.5.1
BGP Next hop
is down
stream from
LSP endpoint
Router F Router G
192.168.8.1 192.168.12.1
134.112/16
Router B Router C
192.168.0.1 192.168.2.1
Router D
192.168.24.1
Router A
192.168.16.1
Router E
192.168.5.1
part of IGP
domain
Router F Router G
192.168.8.1 192.168.12.1
134.112/16
Router B Router C
192.168.0.1 192.168.2.1
Router D
192.168.24.1
Router A
192.168.16.1
Router E
192.168.5.1
part of IGP
domain
Router F Router G
192.168.8.1 192.168.12.1
so-5/1/0.600 so-2/2/1.601
[edit protocols]
user@host# show
connections {
interface-switch connection-name {
interface so-5/1/0.600;
interface so-2/2/1.601;
}
}
TE domain 2
LSR
TE domain 1
LSR
LSR
LSR
TE domain 1
LSR-D
LSR-B LSR-C
TE domain 2
LSP stitching
LSR-A
[edit protocols]
user@LSR-B# show
connections {
lsp-switch LSR-A_to_LSR-E {
transmit-lsp lsp2;
receive-lsp lsp1;
}
lsp-switch LSR-E_to_LSR-A {
receive-lsp lsp3;
transmit-lsp lsp4;
}