BUILDING

Building may be defined as an

enclosed space covered by roof.

Building is a place to
 Shelter
 Celebrate
 Work
 Worship
TYPES OF BUILDING
 TYPES OF BUILDING
 Building is defined in many aspects as: As a Civil
Engineering structures such as a house, worship centre,
Factories etc. that has a foundation, wall, roof etc. that
protect human being and their properties from direct
harsh effect of weather like rain, wind, sun etc.

 Any structure for whatsoever purpose and of whatsoever

material constructed and every part there of whether
used as human habitation or not and includes
foundation, plinth, walls, floors, roofs, chimneys,
plumbing and building services, fixed platform,
verandah, balcony cornic or projection, part of a building
or anything affixed there to or any wall enclosing or
intended to enclosed any land or space and signs and
outdoor display structures.
 TYPES OF BUILDING

 As per national Building Code of India ,buildings are

classified into nine groups on occupancy as follows :

Group A : Residential buildings

Group B : Educational buildings
Group C : Institutional buildings
Group D : Assembly buildings
Group E : Business buildings
Group F : Mercantile buildings
Group G : Industrial buildings
Group H : Storage buildings
Group I : Hazardous buildings
 GROUP A : RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

 The buildings which are provided with sleeping

accommodation for normal residential purpose
with or without cooking or dining or both the
facilities except any buildings classified under
institutional buildings.

 Residential buildings are subdivided as :

A-1 Lodging or rooming houses
A-2 One or two family private dwellings
A-3 Dormitories
A-4 Apartment houses(Flats)
A-5 Hotels
 A-1 LODGING OR ROOMING HOUSES

 No. of buildings – Any Building or group of

building
 No. of persons - Not more than 15 on either
transient or permanent basis
 Facilities – Separate sleeping accommodation ,
with or without dining facilities but without
cooking facilities
 A- 2 ONE OR TWO FAMILY PRIVATE DWELLINGS

 No. of buildings – Single Building

 No. of persons - Not more than 20 of a single
family
 Facilities – Separate sleeping accommodation ,
with dining and cooking facilities
 TYPES OF DWELLINGS

A- 21 Detached houses
A- 22 Semidetached houses
A- 23 Row of houses
A- 24 Apartments or Flats
A- 25 Duplex type Apartments
A- 26 Skyscrapers
 A- 21 DETACHED HOUSES

 A house surrounded by its own land

 Permits the highest form of residence and applicable at places

where land prices are comparatively low
 A- 22 SEMI-DETACHED HOUSES

 A common boundary wall in the form of

structural barriers divides an independent plot
into two units

 Economy by sharing expenses of common

amenities
 A- 23 ROW OF HOUSES

 For providing reasonable accommodation to the

people ,a row of houses with minimum
requirement is constructed

 Single storeyed or two storeyed

 A- 24 APARTMENT HOUSES(FLATS)
 Consist of three to ten storeys and each floor or
storeys may accommodate two to six flats or
apartments

 Land and other common amenities are shared by

all the occupants

 No future scope either of vertical or horizontal

expantion
 A- 25 DUPLEX TYPE APARTMENTS

 Apartment having rooms on two adjoining floors

connected by an internal staircase.
 Advantages of privacy, more air and light and
more internal space with vertical movement from
adjacent levels.
 A- 26 SKYSCRAPERS
 Multistoreyed buildings
 A-3 DORMITORIES
 No. of buildings – Any Building or group of
building
 Facilities – Separate sleeping accommodation ,
with or without dining facilities for persons who
are not the members of the same family.
 Examples – Guest house’s dormitories, school
and college dormitories, military barracks, etc.
 A-4 APARTMENT HOUSES(FLATS)
 No. of buildings – Any Building or group of
building
 No. of families – Two, Three or more

 Facilities – Separate sleeping accommodation ,

with independent dining and cooking facilities
 A-5 HOTELS

 No. of buildings – Any Building or group of

building under same management
 Facilities – Separate sleeping accommodation ,
with or without dining facilities
 No. of Persons – more than 15 persons who are
primarily transient
 Examples – Hotels, Inns, Clubs and Motels
 GROUP B : EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS

 Any school, college building or day – care center

used for educational purpose for more than 8
hours week
 Facilities – Assembly for instruction, education
or recreation facilities.
GROUP C : INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS

 Any building use for medical or other treatment

or care of persons suffering from physical or
mental illness, diseases or infirmity, care of
infants, aged persons etc.

 Institutional buildings are subdivided as :

C-1 Hospitals or Sanitaria
C-2 Custodial Institutions
C-3 Penal Institutions
 C-1 HOSPITALS

 Hospitals, Clinics etc. under same management

 Users – Persons suffering from physical
limitations because of health and age
 C-2 CUSTODIAL INSTITUTIONS

 Orphanages, Homes for aged and infirm etc.

 Users – Custody and care of persons such as

children and aged persons
 C-3 PENAL INSTITUTIONS

 Buildings like jails, prisons, mental hospitals,

mental sanitaria and reformations, etc. under
single management.
 Users –Persons under restraint or who are
detained for penal or corrective purposes, in
which the liberty of inmates is restricted.
 GROUP D : ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS

 Theatres, Assembly halls, drama theatres,

auditoriums, museums, exhibition halls,
restaurants places of worship, dance halls, club
houses, air terminals, surface and marine
transportation services, recreation piers, sports
stadium, gymanasiums, Skating rings,etc.
 Group of people gather for amusemant,
recreation, social, relogious,patriotic, civil, travel
or other similar purposes
 TYPES OF ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS :

 D-1
 Building with raised stage, proscenium curtains,
fixed or portable scenary or scenary loft, lights,
motion picture booth, mechanical appliances or
other theatricl accessories and equipment
 Capacity - Fixed Seats over 1000 persons

 Purpose – Theatrical or operatic performances

and exhibition
 TYPES OF ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS :

 D-2
 Building with raised stage, proscenium curtains,
fixed or portable scenery or scenery loft, lights,
motion picture booth, mechanical appliances or
other theatrical accessories and equipment
 Capacity - Fixed Seats less than1000 persons

 Purpose – Theatrical or operatic performances

and exhibition
 TYPES OF ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS :

 D-3
 Building ,its lobbies ,rooms and other spaces
connected raised theatrical stage or theatrical
accessories
 Capacity - More than 300 persons without permanent
sitting arrangement
 Examples – Dance halls ,club halls, lecture
halls,liabraries , passenger terminals and buildings
used for less than 8 hours per week
 TYPES OF ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS :

 D-4
 Building ,its lobbies ,rooms and other spaces
connected raised theatrical stage or theatrical
accessories
 Capacity - Less than 300 persons without permanent
sitting arrangement
 Examples – Dance halls ,club halls, lecture
halls,liabraries , passenger terminals and buildings
used for less than 8 hours per week
 TYPES OF ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS :

 D-5
 Building meant for outdoor assembly of people not
covered by D-1,D-2,D-3,D-4
 Examples – Grand stands ,stadia, amusement park
structures and circus tents
 GROUP E : BUSINESS BUILDINGS
 These buildings are used for transaction of business,
for keeping of accounts and records and for similar
purposes,

 Examples : Offices, banks, professional

establishments, Lunch counters serving less than 100
people
 The principal function of these buildings is
transaction of public business and keeping of books
and records.
GROUP F : MERCANTILE BUILDINGS

 These buildings are used for display and sale of

merchandise either wholesale or retail, storage service
facilities incidental to the sale of merchandise and
located in the same building.

 Examples : shops, stores, market,Showrooms,offices

GROUP G : INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
 These are buildings where products or materials
of all kinds and properties are fabricated,
assembled, manufactured or processed,

 Examples : Assembly plant, laboratories, dry

cleaning plants, power plants, pumping stations,
smoke houses, Gas plants,refinaries,textile
mills,dairies,Saw mills
GROUP H : STORAGE BUILDINGS

 These buildings are used primarily for the storage or

sheltering (including servicing ,processing or repairs
incidental to storage) of goods, wares or merchandise
vehicles and animals.

 Examples : warehouses, cold storage, garages, truck

and marine terminals, freight depots, transit shed,
store houses ,hangers(Other than aircraft repair
hangers),grain elevators and stables
GROUP I : HAZARDOUS BUILDINGS

 These buildings are used for the storage, handling,

manufacture or processing of highly combustible or
explosive materials or products which are liable to burn
with extreme rapidly and/or which may produce
poisonous elements for storage handling, acids or other
liquids or chemicals producing flames, fumes and
explosive, poisonous, irritant or corrosive gases
processing of any material producing explosive mixtures
of dust which result in the division of matter into fine
particles subjected to spontaneous ignition.
 Buildings used for :
 1. Storage under pressure of more than 0.1
N/mm2 and in quantities exceeding 70m3
of hydrogen ,ammonia, chlorine ,sulpher dioxide
and all gases subject to explosion ,fume, toxic
hazard
 2. Storage and handling of hazardous and highly
inflammable liquids
 3. Storage and handling of hazardous and highly
flammable or explosive materials other than
liquids
 4.Manufacture of artificial flowers , synthetic
leather,ammunition,explosive and fireworks
 Examples :
 Atomic reactor plant ,nuclear reactor plant ,fireworks
factory etc.
REQUIREMENT OF CONSTRUCTION OF
BUILDING

 Strength and Sound

Stability Insulation
 Dimension
Lighting and
Stability
Ventilation
 Resistance to
Comfort and
Dampness
 Resistance to
Convenience
Fire Durability
 Heat Insulation Economy