INTRODUTION TO

What is the Internet?

• The Internet or simply the Net
• Is a collection of computer networks that link
millions of different computers around the
world.
• Computer network is a group of connected
computers that exchange information.
• The user can travel to any of the millions of
computers that hooked up to the internet. For
this reason, the Internet is called Information
Superhighway.
How does it work?
• The internet works by sending information through an email.
• Cyberspace – The electronic universe of information
available through the internet.
• Each network speak to each other, usually via telephone
lines, through a collection of rules and standards, called
protocols.
• Protocols – enable the computers to exchange information.
• Modem
• Computer – produces digital signal to transmit images, documents,
programs and etc.
• Telephone lines – transmit voice/analog signals.
Modem
• Is a device that lets computer “talk” to each other via
telephone lines.
• It serves as a translator.
• Modulation - Translate the digital signal to analog signal
and
• Demodulation – Translate the analog signal to digital.
 History of the Internet
During the 1960s , there was a demand for
computer networks to help scientists and
researchers from widely dispersed/spread areas.
They needed to work as if they were in one place
by sharing files. For this reason, the U.S. defense
Department made an experiment that led them to
the development of connected computer
networks that worked as coordinated whole.
Unfortunately, the Cold War existed at that time, and
networks were unprotected from enemy attack.
Whenever the server failed, the entire network failed.
Consequently, it was realized that a “bombproof”
network was needed; one that would be operational
even when one part of the network would shut down.
To solve this problem, the Defense Department created
APRANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network) in 1969. It was an experimental network
based on packet-switching techniques. The resulting
effect was that when part of it failed, information found
a new route with help from the surviving parts.
The success of APRANET led to its widespread
growth as more government agencies,
universities and research institutions joined the
network. APRANET became the forerunner of
today’s Internet.
Packet-switching
Refers to protocols in which messages are
divided into packets before they sent. Each
packet is then transmitted individually and
can even follow different routes to its
destination. Once all the packets forming a
message arrive at the destination, they are
recompiled into the original message.
Internet Service Providers (ISP)
•Is a service that connects your home or
office computer to the Internet.
•Once you connected you will have access
to Email, World Wide Web, Social
Networks, File Transfer Protocol (ftp),
Instant Messaging, Search Engines,
Ecommerce and other Internet services.
 FTP and SFTP
• File Transfer Protocol is an older protocol moving file
back and forth over the Internet and other networks.
• All modern wed browser still speak FTP, which
sometimes used as substitute for HTTP (Hypertext
transfer protocol) in the early days of the web. FTP is
still used often as a means of downloading large files.
FTP is not safe since there is no encryption of the files.
• Secure File Transfer Protocol is a popular replacement.
Built on SSL. SFTP is just as secure HTTPS. SFTP has
encryption to the files.
 World Wide Web (WWW)
• Invented by Tim-Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau in 1990.
• Tim Berners-Lee invented both the HTML and the HTTP protocol
used to request and transmit web pages between web servers
and web browsers.
• Is a collection of web pages connected together with hyperlinks.
• Refers to all of the publicly accessible websites in the world.
• Each document or webpage has a unique address that allows you
to find it among the millions of other documents on the Web.
• Web address called Uniform Resource Locator (URL) or
sometimes a Uniform Resource Indicator (URI).
• Web pages are designed using Hypertext Markup language or
HTML.
URL is made up of several parts.
• https://www.codeproject.com/Questions/41497/VB-
net-How-to-update-database-from-datagridview

• 1st part is protocol – https

• 2nd part is fully qualified domain name –
www.codeproject.com
• 3rd is the path at which this articular web page is
located on the web server
/Questions/41497/VB-net-How-to-update-database-
from-datagridview
 Web Server and Client
• Web server is a computer running another type of web software
which provides data or “serves up” an information resource to
your web client.
• Web servers are the computers that actually run websites or also
refers to the piece of software that runs on those computers,
accepting HTTP connections from web browsers and delivering
web pages and other files to them, as well as processing form
submission.
• Example of web server software are Apache and Microsoft
Internet Information Server.
• Web client is a piece of software displays documents for you and
carries out your requests.
 Internet Browser
• Is a program that locates websites for you and allows users to maneuver
around (surf) the World Wide Web and view web pages.
• Communicates with web servers for you via the HTTP protocol, translates
HTML pages and image data into a nicely formatted on-screen display and
presents information.
• Web Browser is a client program that uses HTTP to make requests of web
servers throughout the internet on behalf of the browser user.
• 1st web browser created on 1990, it was called WorldWideWeb. That browser’s name
was changed to Nexus to avoid confusion with the developing information space
known as World Wide Web.
• 1st graphical user interface (GUI) was Mosaic. Which appeared in 1993.
• Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer used mosaic GUI.
Internet Features and Services
• Electronic Mail or email is the world wide system of
sending and receiving mail in an electronic format.
• Search Engines allow users to search the internet
using keywords.
• Newsgroups is a collection of people that share in
group discussions regarding specific topics.
• Social Networking service is an online service
platform or site that allows someone with an account
to communicate with friends or group of people who
share interests.
 Internet Features and Services
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC) or chat enables a group of people,
usually using aliases or “screen names” to send typed
messages and even allows audio conversations to one another
in real time across hundreds of miles.
• IRC has a chat rooms. These are virtual rooms where people
connect to discuss subjects of common interests.
• Instant Messaging allows two or more people to chat
electronically in real time based on typed text. Example is
Yahoo Messenger.
• IM allows you to store and maintain a list of contacts. You
can send messages to these contacts as long as they are
online.