Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
& SIGNIFICANCE
Density API GRAVITY) Light grades : Above 33 degree API,
Medium grades: 23-33 and Heavy grades: upto 22
Sulphur Crude oils are also categorised based on Sulphur as
Sweet Crude and Sour Crude
Reid Vapour Pressure (RVP in Kg/cm2) indicates relative
Percentage of gaseous and lighter hydrocarbons in crude
oil.
Light End Analysis (basis of assessing the LPG potential of
crude)
Pour point
Wax content
Salt content
Sediment and Water (B S & W)
Asphaltenes Carbon Residue and Ash Content
Viscosity
KUOP, TAN
CRUDE OILS - THEIR CHARACTERISTICS
& SIGNIFICANCE
1. Density is used for:
•Weight to volume or vice versa calculations
•Checking the consistency of crude supply
•Control of refinery operations
•Used in various correlations
•Also gives a rough indication of type of crude oil
141.5
API GRAVITY= -
131.5
SP.GRAT 60/60°F
Examples: Water = 10 API, Light Gasoline 75 API, Hy Gasoline 60 API
and
Kerosene = 45 API
Light Crude
0API=(141.5/d)-131.5
>33 0API
Most representative
Middle East crude
Arab Light
Between
(34 0API-1.8%S) Medium
22 & 33 0API
Crude
10-45 0API
<22 0API Heavy
Density=1 to 0.8 Crude
Sweet or Low S
IN ADDITION TO API GRAVITY
SULPHUR CONTENT PLAYS < 0.5 wt% S
AN IMPORTANT ROLE MS Between 0.5 & 1.5%
IN DEFINING A CRUDE
HS or Sour >1.5%
2. Sulphur
Crude oils are also categorised based on Sulphur as
Sweet Crude and Sour Crude
Sweet grades <0.5% of Sulphur
Sour grades >0.5% of Sulphur
After Distillation, the Sulphur in the Crude gets
distributed in the products. Depending upon the actual
Sulphur level in the market and the acceptability of
specifications or market Sulphur is converted to soluble
Di-Sulphides or removed by various methods and the
bye-product is elemental sulfur .
3. (a) Reid Vapour Pressure (RVP)
RVP (RVP in Kg/cm2) indicates relative Percentage of
gaseous and lighter hydrocarbons in crude oil.
Propane has an RVP of 14.1 while Butane has 6.6.
Usually Crude is in the range of 0.01 to 0.1 though
some crude has a high RVP of 0.4 to 0.5
3. (b) Light End Analysis
C1 and C2 Traces
C3 0.1 to 0.2 %
nC4 0.2 to 0.3 %
iC4 0.2 to 0.3 %
nC5 0.5 %
iC5 0.3%
RECOVERABLE LPG (SR) 1.0 TO 1.2 %
4 (a) POUR POINT
Contd…
6. Sediment and Water (B S & W)
•
7. Asphaltenes Carbon Residue and Ash Content
Asphaltenes
• Are polynuclear condensed aromatic hydrocarbons having
high molecular weight