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Nasal
cavity
Nostril
Trachea Cluster of
Mouth
(windpipe) alveoli
Bronchus Bronchiole
To pulmonary vein
From
Lung
pulmonary
artery Blood
capillaries
Diaphragm Alveolus
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1.1 Human Breathing Mechanism
ath of air in the respiratory system
Alveoli Bronchi
Bronchioles
• Passage of air
• Air sacs for
• Passage of air to lungs
the
to alveoli
exchange of
gases
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1.1 Human Breathing Mechanism
Breathing mechanism
a) Inhalation (breathing in) Air moves in
Rib cage moves up and out
Rib cage • Volume of the
thoracic cavit
increases
• Air pressure in
the lungs
decreases
• Diaphragm
• External intercostal contracts and
muscles contract Diaphragm flattens
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1.1 Human Breathing Mechanism
) Exhalation (breathing out)
Air moves out
Rib cage moves down and in • Volume of the
Rib cage
thoracic cavity
decreases
• Air pressure in
the lungs
increases
• Diaphragm
• External intercostalDiaphragm relaxes and move
muscles relax upward
Inhaled air
O2
High concentrationExhaled air
of oxygen (O2)
Low concentration
of carbon dioxide
CO 2
(CO2)
Oxygenated blood
leaves alveolus
Continue
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1.2 Transport of Oxygen in the
Human Body
Alveoli are the sites where gas exchange occurs
The exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) occurs
in the alveoli by diffusion
Characteristics of the alveoli:
* Large surface area, thin walls, surrounded by many blood
capillaries and moist surfaces
Gaseous exchange in the alveoli:
* Oxygen in the inhaled air diffuses into blood capillaries via the
alveolar wall
* Carbon dioxide in blood diffuses into the alveolus via
capillaries and alveolar walls. Then, the carbon dioxide will be
expelled out
The thin wall of the alveoli enables the gaseous exchange
occurs effectively in the lungs
Body cell
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Body cell
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1.2 Transport of Oxygen in the
Human Body
Oxygenated blood is carried by the blood
capillaries and flows near the bodies cells
Body cells that have a lower concentration of
oxygen will receive oxygen from the blood
capillaries
Haemoglobin picks up carbon dioxide from the
body cells to transport back to the lungs, where
the carbon dioxide is exhaled
Lungs
Haemoglobin
+ Oxygen Oxyhaemoglobin
Body cells
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1.3 The Importance of a Healthy
Respiratory System
Harmful
Harmful substances
substances
To filter pump
U-tube
Glowing
cigarette
Moist cotton
Bicarbonate
indicator
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1.3 The Importance of a Healthy
Respiratory System
From the experiment
* The temperature of the thermometer increases
* White cotton is turns brownish with black
spots
* The bicarbonate indicator is turns yellow
We can conclude that cigarette smoke
* Increase the temperature of the lungs
* Contains tar that causes the lungs to become
dark
* Contains acidic gas
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1.3 The Importance of a Healthy
Respiratory System
es
es of
of respiratory
respiratory system
system diseases
diseases and
and its
its sympt
sympt
Types of
Symptoms
disease
Pneumonia Chest pain, high fever, cough
Influenza Chill, fever, headache, aches
Emphysema Difficulty in breathing
Fever, chest pain, cough that brings up
Bronchitis
mucus
Persistent cough, weight loss, coughing
Lung cancer
up blood, chest pain
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The End
Versi BI Keluar
Bab 1 : Respirasi
1.1 Mekanisme Pernafasan Manusia
Sistem respirasi manusia
Mekanisme pernafasan
darah
Pengangkutan oksigen oleh darah
badan
Versi BI Keluar
Bab 1 : Respirasi
1.3 Kepentingan sistem Respirasi yang Sihat
Bahan berbahaya
peparu
Jenis-jenis penyakit sistem respirasi dan simptomnya
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1.1 Mekanisme Pernafasan
Manusia
Sistem respirasi manusia
Bronkiol
Bronkus
BronkiolKe vena pulmonari
Daripada
Peparu
arteri
Kapilari
pulmonari
darah
Alveolus
Diafragma
Versi BI Keluar
1.1 Mekanisme Pernafasan Manusia
aluan udara dalam sistem respirasi
• Diafragma mengecu
• Otot interkosta luar dan mendatar
mengecut Diafragma
Versi BI Keluar
1.1 Mekanisme Pernafasan Manusia
) Hembus nafas (menghembus nafas)
Udara
Tulang rusuk bergerak ke bergerak ke luar
bawah dan ke dalam
• Isi padu rongga
Tulang rusuk
toraks berkuranga
• Tekanan udara di
dalam peparu
meningkat
• Diafragma mengend
• Otot interkosta luar Diafragmadan melengkung ke
mengendur atas
Versi BI Keluar
1.2 Pengangkutan Oksigen di
dalam Badan Manusia
auran oksigen daripada alveolus ke dalam kapilari d
Darah yang terdeoksigen mengalir ke dalam
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1.2 Pengangkutan Oksigen dalam
Badan Manusia
engangkutan oksigen oleh darah
Versi BI Keluar
1.2 Pengangkutan Oksigen dalam
Badan Manusia
bauran oksigen daripada kapilari darah ke sel bada
Darah mengalir ke peparu
Sel badan
Oksigen
Karbon dioksida
Sel badan
Versi BI Keluar
1.2 Pengangkutan Oksigen dalam
Badan Manusia
Darah beroksigen dibawa oleh kapilari darah
dan mengalir ke sel badan
Kepekatan oksigen rendah di dalam sel badan
dan oksigen dibebaskan ke sel badan
Hemoglobin mengutip kembali karbon dioksida
daripada sel badan dan mengangkutnya
kembali ke peparu di mana karbon dioksida
dihembuskan
Peparu
Hemoglobin +Oksigen Oksihemoglobin
Sel badan
Versi BI Keluar
1.3 Kepentingan Sistem
Respirasi yang Baik
Bahan
Bahan berbahaya
berbahaya
Ke pam turas
Tiub- U
Rokok
menyala
Kapas lembap
Penunjuk
bikarbonat
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1.3 Kepentingan Sistem Respirasi
yang Baik
Daripada eksperimen
* Suhu termometer meningkat
* Kapas putih bertukar kepada keperangan
dengan titik hitam
* Penunjuk bikarbonat bertukar kepada kuning
Kita boleh membuat kesimpulan bahawa asap
rokok
* Meningkatkan suhu peparu
* Mengandungi tar yang boleh menyebabkan
peparu menjadi gelap
* Mengandungi gas berasid
Versi BI Keluar
1.3 Kepentingan sistem Respirasi
yang Baik
is-jenis
is-jenis penyakit
penyakit sistem
sistem respirasi
respirasi dan
dan simptomnya
simptomnya
Versi BI Keluar
Tamat