ENGLISH PROJECT

Explanation about Cataract

By forth group: •I Wayan Angga Suamerta Putra 12700010

•Cokorda Gede Bagus Prandyana Sanjaya 12700012
•I Made Mega Kencana Putra 12700066
•I Gede Kadek Candra Mahardika 12700016
•Dewi Indrawati 12700020
•Mahesa Diantari 12700112
•A.A. Ngurah Wisnu Adiputra 12700128
•Oktavia Henny 12700132
•Fildza Lovelia Pribadi 12700150
•Ririn Riwayati 12700136

B CLASS
FACULTY OF MEDICAL WIJAYA KUSUMA SURABAYA UNIVERSITY
2012/2013
same as skin aging, eye
also has the twilight of
debilitating vision
capabilities.
ETIOLOGY TREATMENT

CLINICAL MANISVESTATION PREVENTION

DIAGNOSIS
 Cataracts are cloudy areas in the lens inside the
eye - which is normally clear. Cataracts can develop in one
or both eyes. If they develop in both eyes, one will be
more severely affected than the other. A normally clear
lens allows light to pass through to the back of the eye, so
that the patient can see well-defined images. If a part of
the lens becomes opaque light does not pass through
easily and the patient's vision becomes blurry - like
looking through cloudy water or a fogged-up window. The
more opaque (cloudier) the lens becomes, the worse the
person's vision will be.
There are two types of cataracts:
Age related Congenital cataracts (childhood cataracts) -
cataracts - they these may be present when the baby is born,
or shortly after birth. Cataracts may also be
appear later in
diagnosed in older babies and children - these
life; the most are sometimes referred to as developmental,
common form. infantile or juvenile cataracts.
Factors that may increase the risk of developing cataracts:
• Age
• Close relatives who have/had cataracts (family history)
• Diabetes
• Ionizing radiation exposure
• Long-term exposure to bright sunlight

• Long-term use of corticosteroids

• Previous eye inflammation
• Previous eye injury
• Exposure to lead
 Complaints or symptoms of cataracts are caused by the turbidity
that occurs in the eye lens. In the early stages, the lens opacities
is still very low even not visible without the use of tools to check.
At this time the patient usually does not feel the complaint or
interference with vision, so it tends to be ignored. In the next
stage, the turbidity of the lens and continues to grow, so that
complaints are often delivered by people with cataracts at this
time is difficult to read, blurred vision, and difficulty performing
daily activities. In addition to these complaints, other symptoms
such as perceived cataract patients.
 In addition to these complaints, other symptoms
such as perceived cataract patients :
1. Sight or intolerance of light misty even against
excessive ( photophobia ).
2. The colors look faded seen
3. It's hard to see at night
4. Double vision when viewing an object with one eye.
5. contrast sensitivity is also lost
6. shadows and color vision are less clear because of the
light scattered by the cataract into the eye
7. In the evening time to see a bright light could be seen a
halo or color of the rainbow.
Cataract identified there are five variations:
1. Congenital cataracts: 2. Cataracts juvenilis:
A. Cataracts can be found in healthy infants due to Encountered at a
hereditary or congenital abnormalities in the structure of young age.
the eye, for example PHPV, aniridia, coloboma,
microphthalmos, buphthalmos. 3. Traumatic cataract:
Cataracts are
B. Cataracts can occur in infants who had experienced an caused by a collision
infection during the mother's womb as rubella, or penetrating injuries
toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus or varicella. of the eye lens.

C. Cataracts in infants with metabolic abnormalities such

as Galactosaemia hypocalcaemia and Lowe syndrome.
4. Complicated cataract:
Cataracts are caused by
complications of inflammation in
the eye,
use of drugs that contain steroids or
systemic diseases such as diabetes,
atopy / allergies.
5. Senile cataract:
Commonly occurs in the
elderly, is the aging process.
Clinically known cataract
immature, mature, and based on
the degree of density hipermatur
cataracts.

IMATUR CATARACT MATUR KATARAK HIPERMATUR CATARACT

Cataracts should be suspected in any individual

with vision is lost gradually, without pain. Using
microscopes, eye doctor can directly observe the
cloudy lens.
 Treatment
of cataract

NON-Surgical Surgical
Topical treatment (eye drops) with the less well-known antioxidant N-

acetylcarnosine has been shown in randomized controlled clinical trials to improve

transmissivity and reduce glare sensitivity for patients with cataracts. After animal

experiments researchers of a pharmaceutical company have proposed N-

acetylcarnosine as a treatment for ocular disorders that have a component of

oxidative stress in their genesis, including cataracts, glaucoma, retinal

degeneration, corneal disorders, and ocular inflammation. Long term (average five

year) observation showed systematic application of azapentacene sodium

polysulfonate (Quinax) slows down the progress of the disease.

 The operation to remove cataracts can be performed at any stage of their
development. There is no longer a reason to wait until a cataract is "ripe" before
removing it. However, because all surgery involves some risk, it is usually worth
waiting until there is some change in vision before removing the cataract. The risk of
infective endophthalmitis following extraction is about one in 1000.
The most effective and common treatment is to make an incision (capsulotomy)
into the capsule of the cloudy lens to surgically remove it. Two types of eye surgery
can be used to remove cataracts: Extracapsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) and
Intracapsular Cataract Extraction (ICCE).
ECCE surgery consists of removing the lens, but leaving the majority of the lens
capsule intact. High frequency sound waves (phacoemulsification) are sometimes used
to break up the lens before extraction. Intra-capsular (ICCE) surgery involves removing
the lens and lens capsule, but it is rarely performed in modern practice. In either
extracapsular surgery or intracapsular surgery, the cataractous lens is removed and
replaced with a plastic lens (an intraocular lens implant) which stays in the eye
permanently.
• For a while the treatment of cataract can be done by
surgery. Therefore, prevention of cataract become
mandatory lived. For the prevention of cataract can do
some actions in order to be able to enjoy healthy
eyesight. The absolute prevention of cataract is to
prevent diseases that can trigger the onset of cataract
and avoid factors-factors that support the onset of
cataract. Prevention of cataract can be done by keeping
the blood sugar levels of diabetes developing the
disease. Also other diseases that can lead to cataract.
• Efforts to prevent cataract can also be done starting a
healthy lifestyle with a balance diet and avoid smoking. Eat
foods that are rich in minerals and vitamins that are useful
for eyes health. Such as vitamin C, zing, selenium and
substance biovlabonoit. But avoid the acquisition of
substance from dietary supplements. Should substance is
obtained from healthy diet with eat vegetables and fruits.
Keep your eyes healthy by not letting eyes exposure to ultra
violet rays. Put on the sunglasses when going to do outdoor
activities in a long time. For the prevention of cataract can
also be done by keeping the eyes from trauma or injury to
the eyes that can be in sight. Also avoid consumption of
medicine that could support the development of cataract.