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Chapter 9

Feudal Europe
Medieval Europe
• After the collapse of the Roman Empire, the 1,000 years (500-1450 C.E.)
that followed are known as the Middle Ages.

• The Middle Ages is also known as the medieval period. The Medieval
period is from the Latin words medium (middle) and aevum (age).

• Europe has the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Arctic Ocean to the
north, and the Mediterranean Sea in the south.

• The longest river in Europe is the Volga River from Moscow, Russia to
the Caspian Sea.

• Northern Europe has cold winters, while southern Europe has mild
winters with hot and dry summers.

• Europe has a lot of forest and fertile farmland because Europe received
plenty of rainfall.

• Farmers near the Mediterranean Sea grew olives and citrus fruits, while
farmers in Western Europe grew wheat and barley.

WATCH Medieval Times Commerical


WATCH Worldstrides Europe
Map of Europe
a) Artic Ocean
b) Atlantic Ocean
c) Mediterranean Sea
d) Iceland
e) Norway
f) Sweden
g) Finland
h) Denmark
i) United Kingdom
j) Ireland
k) Netherlands
l) Belgium
m) Germany
n) Poland
o) Czech Republic
p) Russia
q) Romania
r) Hungary
s) Austria
t) Switzerland
u) Italy
v) Greece
w) Turkey
x) France
y) Spain
z) Portugal
Cultural Changes
• Changes to Europe after the Fall of Rome
(Western Rome in 476 C.E.)
 Decline in the size and power of government
 Reduction in long-distance trade
 Decline in learning and devotion to Greek and Roman culture (fewer
people could read or write Latin)
 Disappearance of cities and rise of rural villages and farms
 Growth of numerous Germanic kingdoms

• A group of Germanic people called the Franks


established one of the most powerful kingdoms in
Europe during the Middle Ages.
• Many German rulers and their subjects converted to
Christianity.
• In 486 C.E., a Frankish leader named Clovis defeated
the last Roman army in Gaul (now France).
• By 507, Clovis converted to Christianity, and ruled
most of Western Europe. Most of Clovis’ subjects
became Christians when Clovis died in 511.
WATCH History Channel Rise and Fall of Roman Empire
The Rule of Charlemagne
• In the early 700s, a powerful leader named
Charles Martel became leader of the Franks.
• Charles Martel’s son, Pepin the Short, became
the next king of the Franks, and ruled until 768.
• Pepin’s son (Charles Martel’s grandson) known as
Charlemagne became the next leader of the
Franks.
• Charlemagne would build the largest empire in
Europe since the Rome, and would spread
Christianity.
• On December 25, 800, the Pope crowned
Charlemagne Emperor of Western Europe.
• Lands controlled by the Franks would later
become known as the Holy Roman Empire.
• During the Middle Ages, monasteries were built
across Europe for monks to pray, study, worship
Christianity.
WATCH St. Michel Medieval Monastery
Feudalism: A New Social Order
• In 814, after Charlemagne’s death his son (Louis
I) became emperor.
• When Louis I died in 840 his 3 sons fought each
other for control of the Frankish kingdom.
• In 843, all 3 sons signed a treaty that divided the
empire into 3 parts. Dividing the kingdom
weakened the Franks.
• The decline of the Franks led to disorder.
 Scandinavian pirates, called Vikings, terrorized
coastal villages.
 Muslims raided coastal areas in Italy and
Southern France.
 Magyars attacked towns in central Europe.
 In the mid-800s, Europe became a place of
constant conflict and warfare.
WATCH Expedia Rome (Italy), Berlin (Germany) and
Paris (France)
Feudalism: A New Social Order
 King: This man sat a top feudal society and ruler over
large areas of land.
 Church Officials and Nobles: These people owned
land and thus held much power and wealth.
 Knights: Many of these warriors provided military
service to nobles in return for a piece of their land.
 Peasants: Peasants known as serfs worked the land
for nobles and performed other difficult tasks.
• Lords were powerful nobles who owned land.
• Lords would let people called vassals use the land in
exchange for service in the lord’s court or army.
• Many vassals were warriors known as knights.
• People that worked the same jobs formed groups
called guilds.
WATCH David Beckham Email Hack
DISCUSS Should David Beckham be knighted? Why or
why not?
I think David Beckham should/should not be knighted
because…
Feudalism in Europe and Japan Venn
Diagram
1) Read pages 307-311 of the
textbook.

2) Write 5 evidence for feudalism in


Europe.

3) Write 5 evidence for feudalism in


Japan.

4) Write 5 evidence that is same for


feudalism in Europe and Japan.
Same for Feudalism in Europe and Japan
1) Feudal system in Europe and Japan
developed because of a weak central
government.
2) Lords and daimyo had peasants
working for them.
3) Farming was the main economic
activity.
4) Relied on professional trained soldiers
for protection that followed codes of
behavior and was deeply religious.
5) Europe and Japan had strong military
leaders.
6) Loyalty and military skills were highly
valued.
Evidence for Feudalism in Europe
1) Landowners in Europe were called
lords.
2) The soldiers in Europe were called
knights.
3) Knights followed a code of behavior
known as chivalry (kind to the weak,
loyal to their lord, courage in battle).
4) Knights were Christians. Christianity is
based on the life and teachings of Jesus
Christ.
5) In Europe, epic poems were popular.
6) Women in feudal Europe had little
rights. Women in Europe were
expected to stay at home, and were
trained in household chores.
Evidence for Feudalism in Japan
1) Landowners in Japan were called daimyo.
2) The soldiers were known as samurai.
3) Leaders of samurai were known as
shoguns.
4) Samurai code of behavior was known as
bushido (generous, fearless in battle, and
loyal to daimyo).
5) Samurai practiced Shintoism and Zen
Buddhism. Buddhism is based on the
teachings of Buddha.
6) Poetry called haiku was popular in feudal
Japan.
7) Women in Japan had many rights. Women
in Japan were allowed to inherit land,
allowed to join Buddhist convents, and
trained in marital arts.

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