Clauses - Mệnh đề

Clause = Subject + Main Verb

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Practice 1: Tick clauses & write S and V

1. Electrons move easily in conductors.

2. Working as an electrical engineer.
3. This device converting mechanical energy.
4. A dc current flows in one direction.
5. If a current flows in one direction, it is known
as a dc current.
6. A power station will be built to generate
electricity for people living in the area.
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 Practice 2: Tick clauses, underline S
and Main verb
1. They have just started their project.
2. Having just started their project.
3. He entered the room and opened the windows.
4. Entering the room, he opened the windows.
5. A new computer bought yesterday.
6. He works on the computer bought yesterday.

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 Keys to Practice 1
1. Electrons move easily in conductors. √
S V
2. Working as an electrical engineer. ×
3. This device converting mechanical energy. ×
4. A dc current flows in one direction. √
S V
5. If a current flows in one direction, it is a dc current. √
S1 V1 S2 V2
6. A power station was built to generate electricity for
S1 V1
people who live in the area. √
S2 V2
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Practice 2: Look at the text in page 9

• How many clauses are there in each sentence?

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 Keys to Practice 2
Paragraph 1:
Sentence 1: 2 clauses Sent 2: 2 clauses
Paragraph 2:
S1: 1 S2: 3 S3: 2 S4: 2 S5: 2
Paragraph 3:
S1: 1 S2: 1 S3: 2
Paragraph 4:
S1: 1 S2: 2 S3: 2

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 Kinds of clauses
• Main clause- Mệnh đề chính
• Subordinate clause- Mệnh đề phụ:
+Adverbial clause- Mệnh đề phụ trạng ngữ
(when, after, because, if, although, since, …)
+ Relative clause- Mệnh đề phụ quan hệ
(which, who, that, whom, where, whose, when)
+ Noun clause- Mệnh đề phụ danh ngữ

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Relative clauses -Mệnh đề phụ quan hệ Page 6
• A generator is a device. It generates electricity.
(a device= It= which/ that)
→ A generator is a device which/ that generates electricity.
Smc Vmc Src Vrc
• An instrument is a voltmeter. We use it to measure
voltage.
(an instrument= it= which/ that)
→An instrument which/ that we use to measure
Smc Orc Src Vrc
voltage is a voltmeter.
Vmc

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 Signals to recognize a relative clause (2)
2 signals to recognize a RC- 2 dấu hiệu nhân biết a RC:
- Begin with a Relative pronoun-RP (which, that, who,
whom, where, when, whose).
- Stand after a noun or a noun phrase.
However, some RC don’t begin with a RP when RP is
the object of the relative clause.
Tuy nhiên, 1 số RC không bắt đầu với đại từ quan hệ RP
khi RP là tân ngữ của RC.
-An instrument (which/ that) we use to measure
Smc Orc Src Vrc
voltage is a voltmeter.

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 Relative pronouns- Đại từ quan hệ
• RP có 4 chức năng:
1. A subject- làm chủ ngữ của RC
A transformer is a device that/ which changes voltages.
Smc Vmc Src Vrc
2. An object of the verb in RC
The men who/ that we met yesterday are engineers.
Smc Orc Src Vrc Vmc
3. An object of the preposition in RC
The topic about which we talked was interesting.
Smc Orc-pre Src Vrc Vmc
4. An adverb of RC
A power station is a place where electricity is generated.
Smc Vmc Adv Src Vrc

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Practice 3
• Practice 3: Analyze kinds of clauses in page 9.

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 Non-defining relative clause
Mệnh đề phụ quan hệ ko định nghĩa
1. I love the city which is the capital of Viet nam.
2. I love Ha noi, which is the capital of Viet nam.
3. This is an instrument which measures electric
currents.
4. This is an ammeter, which measures electric
currents.
1& 3: Defining relative clauses.
2 &4: Non- defining relative clauses.
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Key to Practice 3
1. In a transformer, there is a primary coil to which the input is applied. (which-
Orc pre)
2. An electric current has various effects which are thermal, luminous, chemical ...
(which-Src)
3. The experiment which/ that we did last week was successful. (which- Orc)
4. The appliances that are manufactured by this factory are friendly with the
environment. (that- Src)
5. A secondary coil is another coil from which the output is obtained. (which- Orc
pre)
6. The book which/ that we borrowed from the library is about power systems.
(which/ that- Orc)
7. A circuit breaker is an electric device that cuts off electric currents under
abnormal conditions. (that-Src)
8. Absolute zero is a temperature where superconductivity takes place. (where-
ADVrc)
9. These are scientists whose inventions are known all over the world. (whose- in
Src)
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10. The speed at which a DC motor operates depends on the strength of the