Seed Germination

What is Germination?

 is the process by which an organism grows

from a seed or similar structure. The most
common example of germination is the
sprouting of a seedling from a seed of an
angiosperm or gymnosperm.
How Do Plants Reproduce?

 The seeds inside the fruits are designed to

spread throughout the environment and grow
into new plants in a process called seed
germination.
How do Seed Formed?

 Plants reproduce using eggs and sperm, just

like people. However, they don't have physical sex!
Male plants release pollen, which fertilize ovaries.
The fertilized ovaries develop into seeds, which can
then be distributed to make new plants.
 As the fertilized ovaries develop, a surplus of
carbohydrates and proteins are stored inside the
seed. This will serve as food for the plant until it
can develop leaves.
 Next, the fertilized plant ovaries develop the
hardened coat we see as the outside of seeds to
protect them against harsh environmental
conditions. The seeds then can be carried away
by wind or animals to create new plants.
Seed Germination
- After the seed has made it to a new location and is covered with dirt, it
can begin germination.

 Germination is the process of seeds

developing into new plants. First,
environmental conditions must trigger the
seed to grow
 Usually, this is determined by how deep
the seed is planted, water availability, and
temperature.
Influencing Factors
- Several factors influence if, and how, seeds germinate.
 The most important factors are water availability,
temperature and sunlight. too much water can be
a bad thing
 The seed must go through imbibition to activate root
growth.
 When a plant is still growing underground, during root
formation, it cannot use the sun to make food like most
grown plants do. It must rely on the stored food inside
the seed, and oxygen from the environment to make
energy.
Temperature is also an important
factor
 Some seeds germinate when it is cold, such as
plants in northern environments. Other seeds only
germinate when the weather reaches spring
temperatures, which is why we see so much plant
growth in the spring in temperate climates. Other
seeds only germinate after extreme temperatures,
such as after a fire in the grasslands.
Seed coat

 the protective outer coat of a seed.

Cotyledon

 an embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants,

one or more of which are the first leaves
to appear from a germinating seed
Hypocotyl

 Thepart of the stem of an embryo plant

beneath the stalks of the seed leaves, or
cotyledons, and directly above the root.
Radicle

 The part of a plant embryo that develops

into the primary root.
Epicotyl

 Theregion of an embryo or seedling stem

above the cotyledon
Monocots

 Have only one seed leaf inside the

seed coat. It is often only a thin leaf,
because the endosperm to feed the new
plant is not inside the seed leaf.
Dicots

 Have two seed leaves inside the seed

coat. They are usually rounded and fat,
because they contain the endosperm to feed
the embryo plant
Monocots

 Lily: Oriental Lily, Day Lily  Freesia

 Tulip  Amaryllis
 Orchid  Lily of the Valley
 Bluebell  Day Flower
 Daffodil  Lesser Celandine
 Jonquil  Agapanthus
 Crocus
Dicots

 Rose  Foxglove
 Daisy  Portulaca(Moss
 Sweet Pea Rose or Purslane)
 Cosmos  Begonia

 Nasturtium  Ranuculus

 Hollyhock  Marigold
 Pansy
THANK YOU 