SHORT REPORT

• GEC 1033

• MADAM FAUZIAH BINTI ABDUL RASHID

• MADAM JAI SHREE A/P BIPICHANDRA

• NUR HUSNINA SYASYA BINTI JOHAR

• NUR SYAHIRA NAJIHAH BINTI SHAARI
• AMIRAH NUR AISYAH BINTI SAMSULAMRI
 HOW TO WRITE SHORT REPORTS?
• Title Page
• Abstract or Summary
• Introduction
• Background
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• Recommendations
• Attachments
 Title Page
• Name
• Title of the project,
• Date
• Any other necessary information
 Abstract or Summary
• This section summarizes the report in paragraph of
about 100-200 words.
• Emphasize the objective (which states the problem)
and the analysis of the results (including
recommendations).
• Avoid the temptation to copy a whole paragraph
from elsewhere in your report and make it do double
duty.
• Remember, the abstract should be a precise and
specific summary -- give details.
• Support it later.
 Introduction
• The introduction of a technical report identifies the subject, the
purpose (or objective), and the plan of development of the report.
The subject is the "what", the purpose is the "why“ and the plan is
the "how." Together these acquaint the reader with the problem
you are setting out to solve.

• State the subject and purpose as clearly and concisely as possible,

usually in one sentence called the thesis or purpose statement:

• Use the introduction to provide the reader with any background

information which the reader will need before you can launch into
the body of your paper. You may have to provide background such
as theory or history of the subject. Avoid the tendency to use the
introduction merely to fill space with sweeping statements that are
unrelated to the specific purpose of your report
 Background
• If the introduction requires a large amount of supporting
information, such as a review of literature or a description of a
process, then the background material should form its own
section. This section may include a review of previous
research, or formulas the reader needs to understand the
problem. In an academic report, it is also the point where you
can show your comprehension of the problem.
 Discussion
• This section is the most important part of your report. It takes many
forms and may have subheadings of its own. Its basic components
are methods, findings (or results), and evaluation (or analysis).
Most academic assignments should also focus on your evaluation of
the subject.

• Before you begin writing, ask the questions: who? when? where?
what? why? how?

The last three in particular will help you focus analysis. Beyond asking
these simple questions, you also need to make decisions such as:
How do you interpret the data?

Graphically ! Theory ! Calculations ! Examples !....................

 Recommendations
• What actions does the report call for? The
recommendations should be clearly connected to the
results of the rest of the report. You may need to
make those connections with your point so your
reader should not have to guess at what you mean.
This section may also include plans for how further
research should proceed.
 Attachments
• These will include references and may include
appendices (include raw data). Since the
format for references varies across disciplines.
 The graph shows the number of travelers from various parts of the world entering
Hong Kong for the years from 2002 to 2009. It can clearly be seen that there has been* a
large increase in the number of Mainland Chinese visitors, while figures for visitors from Asia
as well as other areas of the world have only shown* a slight growth.

The numbers of Mainland Chinese visiting Hong Kong have risen considerably over this
time period. In 2002 there were nearly 7 million Mainland Chinese visitors, similar to the
figure for other parts of Asia and just over double that for non-Asian travelers. This number
climbed to approximately 8 million in 2003, then rose dramatically by 4 million to just over 12
million only one year later. Since 2004 there has been a steady increase, with around 18
million Mainland Chinese travelers visiting Hong Kong in 2009. This is more than double the
number for that year of other visitors from Asia, and around four times the figures for non-
Asian visitors.

The figures for travelers from other parts of the world show similar trends: first a dip
of roughly one-third the total number of visitors from 2002 to 2003, then slow growth until
2007 followed by a leveling out. Overall, the numbers of Asian tourists rose by 1 million from
just under 7 million in 2002 to roughly 8 million seven years later, while the corresponding
figures for visitors from non-Asian parts of the world were roughly 3 million and 4.5 million
respectively.

To sum up, in recent years Hong Kong has become an increasingly popular destination
for visitors, especially people from mainland China who currently outnumber those from all
other parts of the world combined.
 Step #1
The graph shows the number of travelers from various parts of the
world entering Hong Kong for the years from 2002 to 2009.

• Read the title and labels on the graph as well

as the instructions.

Note down 2-3 synonyms for key

words/phrases.
 Write your introductory sentence, trying not
to copy any phrases.
 Step #2
It can clearly be seen that there has been* a large increase in the
number of Mainland Chinese visitors, while figures for visitors from Asia as
well as other areas of the world have only shown* a slight growth.

• Analyze the information in the graph, looking

at the overall trend(s).
 Write the rest of your introduction, explaining
the main trend(s).
 Step #3
The numbers of Mainland Chinese visiting Hong Kong have risen
considerably over this time period.

The figures for travelers from other parts of the world show similar
trends:

• Plan your body paragraphs (probably one

paragraph for each main trend).
 Draft a topic sentence for each body
paragraph.
 Step #4
• Choose the most important details that will
support your statement(s) of main trend(s).
Write the rest of the body paragraphs.
 Remember to include key figures from the
data.
 Step #5

To sum up, in recent years Hong Kong has become an increasingly

popular destination for visitors, especially people from mainland China who
currently outnumber those from all other parts of the world combined.

• Think about how to restate the main trend(s)

in the graph using different words.
Write your conclusion, paraphrasing the main
trend(s).
 Step #6
• Proofread your description. Check:
Grammar: Accuracy of noun phrases and verb
phrases, correct verb tenses & prepositions.
Organization/coherence: Linking words and
variety of phrases/conjunctions.
Content: Is the information accurate and
detailed enough? Do the details support the
topic sentences?