Present by :

• Chemistry Teacher
• of SMA N 1 Semarang
Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
SMA 1 SEMARANG 1
 Chemistry
Grade X
2 Semester
nd

Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
SMA 1 SEMARANG 2
Non electrolyte
and
electrolyte
solutions
Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
SMA 1 SEMARANG 3
Standard Competency :

•To understand the characteristics

non electrolyte and electrolyte
solution, as well as oxidation
reduction reactions.

Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
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Basic Competency:

To identify the characteristics

non electrolyte and electrolyte
solutions based on the data
of experimental results
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Indicators

• To identify the characteristics of non

electrolyte and electrolyte solution
conduct an experiment.

• To classify solution into non electrolyte

and electrolyte based on the electrical
transmitting power.

Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
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Indicators
• To explain the causes of solutions
abilities to conduct electric current

• To explain why solutions electrolyte

can be from an ionic compound or
a polar covalent compound.

Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
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Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
SMA 1 SEMARANG 8
Solutions
Solutions consist of solute and solvent.

Examples:
• sugar dissolved in water
• table salt dissolved in water

Solute is substance which amount is larger

than the amount of solute in the solution.
Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
SMA 1 SEMARANG 9
Solutions

•Solutions may be classified into 5

types based on the phases of
the solute and solvent, as indicated
in the following table :

Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
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Phase of Phase of examples
solute solvent
Air consisted of N2,
Gas Gas O2, CO2 and other
gases
Gas Liquid CO2 in water (soft
drink )
Liquid Liquid Ethanol in water
Solid Liquid Sugar in water
Solid Solid Copper in gold
Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
SMA 1 SEMARANG 11
Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
SMA 1 SEMARANG 12
Conductivity of electrolyte
solutions

• By using the electrolyte tester,

you can do some experiments to search
whether the solution can transmit the
electric current or not.

Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
SMA 1 SEMARANG 13
Experiment :

• Electrical conductivity of aqueous

solutions.

• Equipments and materials:

Electrical conductivity equipment, such
as shown in Fig
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Figure : Electrolyte tester

Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
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Solutions:

• 0.1 M Na OH 0.1 M HCl

• 0.1 NH4OH 0.1 M CH3COOH
• 0.1 M Sugar 0.1 M NaCl
• Alcohol 0.1 M Urea

Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
SMA 1 SEMARANG 16
Procedure
• Place about 50 mL of 0.1 M NaOH
solution in clean beaker.
• Immerse the carbon electrodes in
the solution.
• Connect the electrode with the DC
power source and observe the light
bulb
• Clean the beaker and carbon
electrode and do the steps(1) to (3)
using other solutions provided by
your teacher.Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
SMA 1 SEMARANG 17
 The result of the solutions experiment:
solutions Glow the light Gas bulb
bulb
Yes No Yes No
Urea
NH4OH
NaCl
CH3COOH
Alcohol
HCl
NaOH
Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
Sugar SMA 1 SEMARANG 18
• Based on the data above, it can be
concluded that the conductivities of
various types of aqueous of solution
are as follow :
• Strong electrolyte such as:
................. have high conductivities
• Weak electrolyte such as
.....................have low conductivities
• Non electrolyte such as, ................are
essentially non conductive
substances
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Why electrolyte solution have
conductivities ?

• Arrhenius, suggested that electrolyte

solution can conduct electricity because
in the electrolyte solution there are ions
that move freely.
• It is ions which can conduct electric
current.

Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
SMA 1 SEMARANG 20
Arrhenius

In 1887, a Swedish
scientist who name
Svante August
Arrhenius
suggested a theory
which can explain
the reason why an
electrolyte solution
can conduct
electricity.

Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
SMA 1 SEMARANG 21
 Example
HCℓ is completely dissociates or
ionizes in aqueous solutions can be
presented using an equation as follow
:
• HCℓ (aq) H+ (aq) + Cℓ - ( aq )

• The ion H+ (aq) and Cℓ - ( aq ) ion

move through solution when electric
current flows through it.
Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
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• The dissolving process acetic acid in
water is represented using an equation as
follow :

• CH3COOH (aq) H+(aq) + CH3COO- (aq )

• Here : only a small proportion of acetic

acid in ionized, most of the dissolved
acetic acid is present inform of
molecules.
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non electrolytes.

• Sugar, ethanol and urea do not produce ions

when dissolved in water.

• These substances are called non electrolytes.

Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
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Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
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Conductivity of ionic compound
and covalent compound.
• Ionic compound is the compound which form
of ions through ionic bonding.

• The ions consist a positive ion ( cation ) and

negative ion ( anion).
• When ionic compound dissolved in water, the
ions can be ionize and move freely. So, the
solution can be classified into strong
electrolyte.

Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
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The ionic compounds

• The ionic compounds in solid phase

can not conduct electrical current,
because the ions can not move
freely likes as
• While in liquid, the ions of ionic
compounds
can move , so each ions can
conduct electrical current.
Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
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Covalent compounds
Covalent compounds is the compound
which consist atoms (not ions ) that has
covalent bonding.

The covalent compound in solid or liquid

phase do not conduct electrical current.

While in the aqueous solution, covalent

polar compound can conduct electrical
current. Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
SMA 1 SEMARANG 28
EXERCISES
1 . Give 4 examples of each electrolyte
and non electrolyte solutions !

2. Give 4 examples of each strong

electrolytes and weak electrolyte
solutions !

Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
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 Finish.

•See you again

tomorrow.....

Drs. SULISTYOSO HP
SMA 1 SEMARANG 30