1.

Lab Rules
2.Lab position
3.Books
4.Pentaksiran
sekolah
 VISI
Pendidikan Berkualiti,
Insan Terdidik, Negara Sejahtera

MISI
Melestarikan sistem pendidikan yang berkualiti
untuk membangunkan potensi individu bagi
memenuhi aspirasi negara
CHAPTER 1:
BIODIVERSITY
 K EYWORDS (page 3)

•Biodiversity •reptile
•Vertebrate •fish
•invertebrate •amphibian
•mammals •Monocotiledon
•bird •dicotiledon
SCIENCE BLOG RAFFLESIA
• The world's largest single flower
• Parasitic plants
• Produce the bad smell when
blooming
• No leaves (no photosynthesis)
• No root (cannot absorb water
and nutrients from soil
1.1 DIVERSITY OF ORGANISM
 MALAYSIA
1 out of 20 countries
mega biodiversity in
the world
BIODIVERSITY???
Diversity of
organisms
whether
microorganisms,
animals and
plants
 Pond
Rainforest
Desert
HABITAT
(the natural
environment of the
Polar organism)
Soil
region
Sea
Rainforest
Pond
Desert
Soil
Sea
Polar region
 Recreation
Source
Medicine
of food

THE
IMPORTANCE
OF
BIODIVERSITY
Environmental
nature
Education
Raw
material
18
for
industry
Source of food
 Source of raw material for industry

•Musical instrument and furniture

 Source of medicine

• Medicine and cosmetic

 Nature balance

Nutrient cycle,
pollination and
interaction
between organism
Recreation
 Education

Scientific research against microorganism, animals and plants)

Effective biodiversity management
1. Banning murder and trafficking of endemic
animals and plants

Akta Perlindungan Hidupan Liar 1972

2. Reforestation
3. Build more centres for the
endangered species
4. Establish more forest reserve, national park

Fundy national park, Canada

5. Controlling extensive fishing

Do not use trawlers

ENDEMIC SPECIES??
Species that live in groups in
limited habitats at a particular
location
Gajah Pygmy (kerdil)
COMPARATIVE FIGURES OF PYGMY AND OTHER FIGURES
 PRESERVATION
in situ ex situ
Maintain species in the Keep species out of the
original habitat original habitat
ACTIVITY:
list the characteristics of class organism selected
FISH AMPHIBIAN REPTILE
- CLOWN FISH - FROG - CROCODILE
- STINGY RAY - SALAMANDER - SNAKE
- SEAHORSE - TURTLE

MAMMALS BIRD INVERTEBRATE

- DOLPHIN - OWL - BUTTERFLY
- HUMAN - CHICKEN - WORM
- CAT - DUCK - CRAB
 Classification of animal
amphibian Bird

Fish VERTEBRATES INVERTEBRATES

(with backbones) (without backbones)

mammals Reptile
INVERTEBRATES
(without backbones)
VERTEBRATES Fish
(with backbones) - Poikilothermic
- Body covered with slimy scale
- Have fins and backbone
- Lay egg
- External fertilisation
- breath through gills
HOMOEOTHERMIC
POIKILOTHERMIC
VERTEBRATES Amphibians
- Poikilothermic
(with backbones)
- Live in water and on land
- moist skin
- produce slimy eggs and don’t
have shell
- External fertilisation
- Young
(breath through gills),
adults
(breath through lungs/skin)
VERTEBRATES Reptiles
(with backbones) - poikilothermic
- Lay egg with hard shell
- Internal fertilisation
- breath through lungs
- Body covered with hard scale
VERTEBRATES
(with backbones) Birds
- Homoeothermic
- Body covered with feather
- Have beaks and wings
- breath through lungs
- Lay egg with hard shell
- Internal fertilisation
VERTEBRATES Mammals
(with backbones) - Homoeothermic
- Body covered with fur/hair
- Give birth to their young
- Internal fertilisation
- breath through lungs
- Feed their baby
BACKBONE
BACKBONE
BACKBONE
 Classification of plants
FLOWERING NON-FLOWERING
PLANTS PLANTS

Monocotyledons Dicotyledons
NON-FLOWERING PLANTS
Conifers (vascular plant. eg: pine, casuarina)

reproduce by
forming seeds
inside of pine
cones
NON-FLOWERING PLANTS Vascular
plant
Ferns
Reproduce by spore,
grow in damp places
NON-FLOWERING PLANTS
Mosses Non-
Reproduce by spore, Vascular
grow in damp places plant
 FLOWERING
PLANTS
Monocotyledons Dicotyledons

COTYLEDON
The storage food
will be used by the
seed to germinate

One cotyledon Two cotyledon

MONOCOTYLEDON DICOTYLEDON
ONE NUMBER OF TWO
COTYLEDON
FIBROUS TYPES OF ROOT TAP
SYSTEM

PARALLEL VEIN PATTERNS NET-WORK

OF LEAVES

NON-WOODY TYPES OF STEM WOODY

MONOCOTYLEDON DICOTYLEDON
FIBROUS TYPES OF ROOT TAP
SYSTEM
MONOCOTYLEDON DICOTYLEDON
PARALLEL VEIN PATTERNS NET-WORK
OF LEAVES
MONOCOTYLEDON DICOTYLEDON
NON-WOODY TYPES OF STEM WOODY
MONOCOTYLEDON GRASS

COCONUT ORCHID
PALM

MAIZE PLANT
DICOTYLEDON

MANGO TREE
HIBISCUS PLANT

SUNFLOWER
PLANT
CREATING DICHOTOMOUS KEY
DICHOTOMOUS KEY :
Method used by biologist to identify
and classify organisms
systematically based on
similarities and
differences
DICHOTOMOUS KEY :
1) Constructed of a series of couplets. Example:
• breathing method
• Skin type
• way of reproduction

2) Each couplet - 2 statements describing

characteristics of the organism. Example:
(a) Scaling (a) lay egg
(b) Not scaled (b) give birth
Let’s check your dichotomous key!
GROUP 1
Dolphin
Duck
Butterfly
Lizard
seahorse
GROUP 1
Dolphin
Duck
Butterfly
Lizard
seahorse
GROUP 2
Dolphin
Duck
Butterfly
Lizard
seahorse
GROUP 2
Dolphin
Duck
Butterfly
Lizard
seahorse
GROUP 3
Dolphin
Duck
Butterfly
Lizard
seahorse
 GROUP 3
Follow Dolphin
sequence!! Duck
Butterfly
Lizard
seahorse

spiracle
GROUP 4
Dolphin
Duck
Butterfly
Lizard
seahorse
 GROUP 4
Dolphin
Duck
Butterfly
Lizard
seahorse

1. Follow sequence!!
2. Wrong statement
(no 2)
GROUP 5
Dolphin
Duck
Butterfly
Lizard
seahorse
GROUP 5
Dolphin
Duck
Butterfly
Lizard
seahorse
GROUP 6
Dolphin
Duck
Butterfly
Lizard
seahorse
GROUP 6
Dolphin
Duck
Butterfly
Lizard
seahorse
CHECK YOUR ANSWER..

Summative
practice
1