Energy $avings

Opportunities

For North Carolina

Businesses and Institutions
 What can I do now
to curb rising utility
costs?

How can I better control

utility costs in the future?
Energy $avings Workshops
AGENDA
No Cost Opportunities
Break
Low Cost Opportunities
Break
Capital Cost Opportunities
Wrap-up
 Energy Supply - Cost Outlook

Natural Gas Prices - NC

14
12
Natural Gas,
$/1000 CF

10
8 Commercial
6 Natural Gas,
4
Industrial
2
0
1998

2002
1997

1999
2000
2001

2003
2004
2005
Sep-05
Source: EIA
 Energy Supply – Cost Outlook

Fuel Oil and Propane Prices

300
250
cents/gallon

200
Propane -
150 Residential
100 Fuel Oil,
Residential
50
0
03 0 3 03 04 0 4 04 05 0 5 05
n- y- p- n- y- p- n- y- p-
Ja Ma Se Ja Ma Se Ja Ma Se

Source: EIA
 Energy Supply - Cost Outlook

NC Electricity Prices

7.5
7
6.5 Electricity,
cents/kWh

6 Commercial
5.5
5 Electricity,
4.5 Industrial
4
1997

1999

2002
1998

2000

2001

2003

2004

2005

Source: EIA
 Getting Started:
Energy Conservation Initiatives
 Find a leader
 Get all persons involved within the
organization to participate and cooperate
 Identify the opportunities
 Implementation
• no cost (behaviors, policy and
awareness)
• low cost (operations & maintenance)
• capital projects

 Measurement & Verification

 Building Schedules
Affect all categories of energy use
 Create longer periods of unoccupied
time
 Optimize the use of facilities
 You may be keeping an entire
building conditioned to use one room
 HVAC
No Cost Opportunities
 Adjust your thermostat
• 70 deg max winter 76 deg min summer
• Why? For a business 1 deg = 3% savings
 Remove obstructions to radiators, air
diffusers, air intakes
 Remove heat sources from underneath
thermostats
 During unoccupied times lower temp in
winter – raise temp in summer
 Boilers
• Reduce hot water temperature
• Lower steam pressure
 Temperature Set-backs
During unoccupied times
 One of the greatest energy savings potential in
commercial buildings
 Conduct set-backs manually or …

 Programmable 7-day Thermostats

($50-$200, manual override, locking)

 Proper use of Energy Managements Systems or

Building Automation System (BAS)

 Winter Set-back Temperature saving;

Asheville Climate Example – Typical % savings

60 ° F 55 ° F 50 ° F
10% 20% 30%
 Lighting
No Cost Opportunities
 When you leave the room TURN THEM OFF
 Optimize use of day lighting
 Reduce lighting
• Make use of dual switching
 Outdoor Lighting
• Decorative lighting – is it worth the price ?
 Vending Machines
• Have your distributor disconnect the lights
 Equipment
No Cost Opportunities
Office equipment
 When finished TURN IT OFF
 If available enable sleep mode on all equipment
 Computer power save mode
• Energy Star power management for computers and monito
rs

Kitchens
 TURN IT OFF when finished

 Turn off unneeded sections – (i.e. broilers, griddles,

etc.
 Position equipment properly
 Avoid excessive pre-heating
 Full loads only
 Equipment (cont.)
No Cost Opportunities
Refrigerators
 Do you need it?
Consolidate?
 Load properly
 Keep the door shut
 Check the
Temperature settings
• Freezers (-14 to -8 ° F),
Refrig (35 - 38 ° F)
 Position properly Replacing a warped
 Clean the cooling coils refrigerator gasket can save
 Check the door seals $50 per year.
 Equipment (cont.)
No Cost Opportunities
Air Compressors
 TURN IT OFF when not in use
 Lower operating pressures
(2 psi reduction saves 1%)
 Consider the right application
 Hot Water
No Cost Opportunities
 Reduce hot water heater
temperature to 120° F if allowable

 Turn heat off at hand washing

stations

 Turn off recirculation pumps

 Miscellaneous
No Cost Opportunities
Buildings
 Keep doors closed
 Keep windows closed
 Involve security and janitorial staff in your
TURN IT OFF campaign
Water
 TURN IT OFF when not in use

• Do not leave hoses under pressure when

not in use
 Water is not a broom
 Vehicle Use and Fuel Savings
 TURN IT OFF reduce or eliminate idle time
 Reduce aggressive driving. Avoid high
speeds.
 Maximize use of most efficient vehicles in
your fleet
 Car pool and task pool
 Become involved in Clean Cities programs
 Maintain vehicle properly
 www.fueleconomy.gov
 Utility Accounting
 Track consumption as well as cost
 Know the vocabulary
• kWh = total electricity used in billing
period
• kW = greatest 15 minute use in period
• BTU = British Thermal Unit
• Therm = 100,000 BTU’s
• Dekatherm (Dt) = 1,000,000 BTU’s
• CCF = Hundreds of cubic feet = 1 Therm
• MCF = Thousands of cubic feet
 Fuel Cost Comparison
NC Commercial Averages Unit Energy
 Electricity: Comparisons
$0.069/kWh  Electric Strip Heat:

$19/MMbtu
 Heat Pump:
 Natural gas
$1.50/therm $6.33/MMbtu
 Propane $1.60 / gallon  NG Furnace:

 #2 Fuel Oil $15.00/MMbtu

$1.94/gallon  Propane Furnace

$20.46/MMbtu
 #2 Oil Furnace:

$15.85/MMbtu
 Utility Rate Analysis
 No capital investment required
 Do you understand how you are billed?
 Many rate schedules
 Are you on the best rate schedule?
 When to check?
 Who to work with?
 Can you change operations to provide
quick savings?
NC State Agencies are
saving $650,000 annually
through energy rate reviews
 Utility Accounting
 Easy ways to track
bills & Use
• Go on line to view –
Account information
Energy Usage
Energy analysis
 Benchmark your
Energy Usage
• Tools
• www.energystar.gov
 Energy Links
•State Energy Office http://www.energync.net/
•DPPEA http://www.p2pays.org/

•Progress Energy
http://www.progress-energy.com/custservice/index.asp
•Duke Energy http://www.duke-energy.com/businesses/managing/
•Dominion North Carolina Power
http://www.dom.com/about/companies/ncpower/index.jsp
•ElectriCities http://www.electricities.com/index.htm
•Co-ops http://www.ncemcs.com/north_carolina.htm

•PSNC
http://www.scana.com/PSNC+Energy/Conservation/default.htm
•Piedmont NG http://www.piedmontng.com/
 Getting Started:
Energy Conservation Initiatives
 Find a leader

 Get all persons involved with organization to participate

and cooperate

 Identify the opportunities

 Implementation
• no cost (behaviors, policy and awareness)
• low cost (operations & maintenance)
• Capital projects

 Measurement & Verification

 Life Cycle Costing
 The cheapest initial cost may be the
most expensive choice
 To calculate:
purchase price +
lifetime maintenance cost +
lifetime operating cost (including
energy) = total cost
 Compare total cost of all
products being considered.
 HVAC
Low Cost Opportunities
• Programmable 7-day thermostats
• Special units for Heat Pumps
• Remember 1 degree = 3% savings
• Thermostat location
 Replace air filters regularly
 Clean heat-transfer coils in heat pumps,
air conditioners and chillers
 Inspect ducts for leaks and missing
insulation
• Balance air flow in ducts to prevent cold spots in
building
 HVAC (cont)
Low Cost Opportunities
 HVAC controls tune-up
 Boiler tune-up
 Survey steam traps for proper function
• Repair traps as needed
 Radiator thermostat controls
 Clean strainers/filters upstream of traps
 Up to 5% savings for keeping steam
system maintained
 Lighting
Low Cost Opportunities
Lighting Power Density
Building foot watts
Categories candles per sf

 Offices 30 - 50 1
 Classroom 50 1.4
 Bank Lobbies 15 1.8
 Garage Repair Area 75 1.4
 Bathroom, Stairwells 15 0.9
 Library Study Area 50 1.7
 Lighting
Low Cost Opportunities
 Clean fixtures and bulbs periodically
 De-lamp
 Lower room light levels and use task
lighting CFL (compact fluorescent lamp)
 Occupancy sensors
 Replace EXIT signs with LED’s
 Replace T-12 with T-8 lamps
• T8 lamps offer better performance, more
selection, less heat, & elimination of hum
 Replace incandescent lamps with CFL
 Self-ballasted CFLs
Self Ballasted Compact Fluorescents- not to scale

T3&T4 Spiral

T3&T4
Triple&Quad Globe R40
Medium & OutdoorPost
T3-Aline T4-Aline R30
Candelabra Base -top
Candles
Incandescent vs. CFL Cost Comparison
Incandescent CFL
Watts 100 27
Rated Life 750 hours 10,000 hours
No. Bulb per 10K hours 13 1
kWh over 10K hours 1,000 270
Cost per kWh $0.08 $0.08
Operating Cost over 10K $80.00 $21.60
hours
Cost per Bulb $0.50 $1.50
Bulb Cost over 10K $6.50 $1.50
hours
Life Cycle Cost $86.50 $23.10

Net Savings over 10,000 hours: $63.40

 Equipment
Low Cost Opportunities
Office equipment
• Specify Energy Star equipment for new
purchases
• Flat panel computer monitors
 Energy saving sensors on vending machines
• Vendor Requirement in new contracts

Using Energy Star office

equipment saves about $50 per
employee per year.
 Equipment (cont)
Low Cost Opportunities
Kitchens
 Replace warped refrigerator seals
 Low flow pre-rinse sprayer (1.6 gpm)
Hours of Gas
Water Waste Water Annual
Spray Savings
Savings Savings Dollar
Valve therms/
gallons/day gallons/day
day Savings
Usage
100 100 0.7 $400 -
2 hours/day gallons gallons therms $500
200 200 1.3 $800 -
4 hours/day gallons gallons therms $1,000

300 300 $1,200 -

6 hours/day 2.0
gallons gallons
therms $1,500
 Equipment (cont)
Low Cost Opportunities
Air compressors
 Fix the leaks (a 1/16” leak wastes
$667/year)
 Use the right nozzles
 Adequate ventilation in compressor room
• Use outside make-up air (save 5-7%)
 Hot Water
Low Cost Opportunities
 Place timer on electric hot water
heater
 When it fails, replace gas, tank style
hot water heater with on demand
hot water heater
 Install pipe insulation
 Miscellaneous
Low Cost Opportunities
Buildings
 Insulation Opportunities
• Walls Ceilings Floors
 Weather Stripping
• Doors Windows
 Gaskets for electrical wall plates on
outside walls
 Miscellaneous (cont)
Low Cost Opportunities
Water
 Showerheads (1.5 gallons per minute,
gpm)
 Sink aerators (0.5 gpm)
 Repair leaks
 Don’t pay sewer charges on water you
don’t discharge
 Water/sewer bills typically
based on “water use”
 Some water/sewer
authorities will reimburse
you for water not
discharged
 If you have cooling
towers, irrigation systems,
or use significant water in
your products, ask your
water authority if option is
available
 Typically requires a sub-
meter.
 Miscellaneous (cont)
Low Cost Opportunities
Vehicles
 Purchase most economical vehicle for task
 If available purchase flex fuel vehicles
 Look at hybrids
 Getting Started:
Energy Conservation Initiatives
 Find a leader

 Get all persons involved with organization to participate and

cooperate

 Identify the opportunities

 Implementation
• no cost (behaviors, policy and awareness)
• low cost (operations & maintenance)
• Capital projects
 Measurement & Verification

 Financing Options for capital projects

 Capital Projects
Audits
 Available from a variety of sources
 Audit should be conducted based on
energy use
 Financial opportunities
• Performance contracting
• SEO loan program
• DSIRE Web site
• Federal and state tax incentives
 Capital Projects
(cont)
HVAC
 Right size all equipment
 Ground source heat pumps
 Variable speed drives
 Fuel use flexibility
 Alternate fuel boilers
 Install building automation system
 Boiler economizer
 Thermal storage
 Capital Projects
(cont)
Lighting
 Complete building re-lamp
 Put lighting on building automation system
 Side benefit – reduces HVAC load
 LED traffic signals
Equipment
 Motors
 Make vendors do life cycle cost analysis on major
equipment purchases
 Waste heat recovery
 Capital Projects
(cont)
Hot water
 Solar hot water system
 Waste heat recovery
Buildings
 Insulate un-insulated areas
 Reflective light-colored roof
 Building automation system
 Capital Projects
(cont)
Water
 Cooling towers
 Irrigation
 Rain water catchments
Miscellaneous
 Peak shaving generators
 Co-generation
 Photovoltaic
 Wind
 A Quick Energy Quiz
1. It’s better to turn off my lights every time I leave
my office than to just turn them off at the end of
the day. True/ False

2. It takes more energy to set my thermostat lower

at night in the winter than it does to keep it at the
same temperature all day and night True/ False

3. It takes more energy to power down my monitor

during the day using available software, than to
leave it on all day. True/ False

4. Fluorescent lights consume (circle one) 1/10 1/4

1/2 the energy of a regular incandescent light
bulb, and last (circle one) 2 times 10 times 15
times as long.

5. A space heater costs (circle one) $20 $50 $100 a

year for electricity.
 Possibilities

“We are all faced with

magnificent opportunities,
brilliantly disguised as
impossible situations.”

Charles Swindoll
 Resource Providers…
 State Energy Office
http://www.energync.net/
 Division of Pollution Prevention and
Environmental Assistance
http://www.p2pays.org/
 Waste Reduction Partners
http://www.landofsky.org/wrp/
 NCSU Industrial Extension Service
http://www.ies.ncsu.edu/
 NCSU Industrial Assessment Center
http://www.mae.ncsu.edu/Centers/IAC/
 Advanced Energy
http://www.advancedenergy.org/
 Resource Providers…
 NC Solar Center
http://www.ncsc.ncsu.edu/default.cfm
 Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy
http://www.dsireusa.org/
 Energy Star Home Page http://www.energystar.gov/
 Energy Star Training Page
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?
c=business.bus_internet_presentations
 Energy Star Computer Power Management
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?
c=power_mgt.pr_power_management
 The Food Service Technology Center
www.fishnick.com
 US Department Of Energy (for vehicles)
www.fueleconomy.gov
 Resource Providers…
 DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
home page http://www.eere.energy.gov/

 DOE Comcheck Software download

http://www.energycodes.gov/comcheck/
 DOE Best Practices (MotorMaster download)
http://eereweb.ee.doe.gov/industry/bestpractices/software.html

 Institute of Textile Technology (Service Listings)

http://www.itt.edu/Services/ServiceSheets.cfm
 Los Angeles County wastewater digester gas to
energy
http://www.wapa.gov/es/pubs/esb/2005/june/jun058.htm
Where do you use the most energy?
Typical Office
Misc
Hot Use Food
Water 5% Prep
9% 2%
HVAC
Equipment 40%
15%

Lighting
29% Source: Handbook of Energy Engineering, EIA, and NREL