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Source: Chapter eight of the Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients published by the World
Health Organization and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations
Quality Control / Assurance
Five parts of the program
Flour millers conduct process control and quality
Internal checks
Food control authorities inspect flour mills and
External analyze flour samples
This tool kit focuses on the internal quality control with the
assumption that the millers purchased high-quality wheat to meet the
customers’ expectations.
The tool kit also highlights the quality assurance process at external
laboratories.
Internal Quality: Overview
Use these five quality control methods in every mill:
25.0
g/min
Target
24.5
24.0
Lower
Control
23.5
Limit
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Hour of Day
Iron Spot Test Response
• Make adjustments based on systematic trends over time
established by multiple observations.
• Adjusting a premix addition system based on one or two
spot test results could widen the system variability and
complicate future measurements.
• If 2 out of 5 consecutive samples do not meet
expectations, increase the sampling frequency as
outlined on the next page.
Iron Spot Test Sample Frequency
• If 2 of 5 consecutive samples do not meet the requirements,
increase sampling frequency.
• If the next 2 of 5 samples fail to meet requirements, implement
corrective actions. Verify that the feeder is operating properly then
consider adjusting the:
o premix feeder control
o flour transport scales
o mixing machinery
• If the next 2 out of 5 consecutive sample fail to meet requirements,
stop production until the error is found and corrected.
• Once production restarts, continue frequent sampling.
• Return to normal sampling schedule after 3 consecutive samples
are correct.
Iron Spot Test
Advantages:
• Simple, fast, inexpensive
• Requires no sample pre-treatment.
• Requires two or three reagents:
o potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) or sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN)
o hydrochloric acid (HCI)
o Hydrogen perixode (H202), which is not used with sodium iron EDTA
• Food grade NaSCN is available if desired
• Easy: personnel with minimum training can perform this
Limitation:
• Not quantitative: does not determine amount of iron in sample
Qualitative Alternatives to Iron Spot
Test, if Desired
• Ask premix provider for alternatives
• If the premix has riboflavin, use a black light test
o Riboflavin (vitamin B2) will fluoresce under ultraviolet light. Perform this test in a
dark room or box using a wet Pekar slick to compare fortified with unfortified flour.
Date:
First Shift
Maintaining accurate records is an essential part
Mill:
of internal monitoring. Develop a system to
Beginning Lot #
Flour Production
701 CCN
Enrichment
052 AGU
Malt
700 CCN
Bleach track:
Time Grade MT Flour % KG % KG % KG
7:00
8:00
9:00
• Premix delivery and usage
10:00
11:00
12:00 • Flour production
13:00
14:00
Shift Total 0.00 0.00 0 0
• Comparison of premix usage with target
Shift Total
MT Flour
0
KG
0.00
KG
0
KG
0
needs based on flour production
• Results of check weighing tests
Begin Inventory
Transfer to Mill Floor 0
Total to account for 0 0 0
Closing Inventory
Disappearance 0 0 0
• Internal and external quality control testing
INGREDIENT
Enrichment
NEW LOT # START TIME STOP TIME results.
Malt
Bleach
SUPERVISOR (name):
OPERATOR (name):
These records help the mill assure quality and
may be required during an external inspection.
Internal Quality Control Schedule
1. Check premix feeder hourly. Make sure the speed
detector shows that it is running. Fill hopper if it is low.
2. Run feeder check weights at least every 8 hour shift.
3. Run iron spot tests at least every 8 hour shift.
4. Conduct inventory control of premix usage and fortified
flour production at least quarterly.
- Quantitative tests.
- Quantitative tests of all added nutrients - Runs or manages biological testing.
- Checks results and procedures of other labs - Audits mills.
Reference Government
Laboratory Laboratory
Mills
Laboratory/Production Activities
- Fortificant inventory control
- Feeder checks
- Iron spot tests (if applicable)
- Flour sampling
Quantitative Testing
• Send samples to laboratory using internationally recognized
methods (AACC or ICC and AOAC)
• Requires sophisticated equipment and careful adherence to
protocols due to the small concentration of vitamins and minerals in
a flour mixture.
• If results are suspect, the sample can be submitted to a certified,
reference laboratory for further analysis.
Running Average…
26.0
Upper
Control
25.5 Limit
25.0
g/min
Target
24.5
24.0
Lower
Control
23.5 Limit
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Hour of Day
Government’s Role in Mill Monitoring
Government authorities conduct various roles in flour fortification
monitoring, often including: