CC608- BUILDING SERVICES

Lecturer : Mr. Rafikullah Deraman

Department: Civil Engineering Department
Topic 1:
 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION SYSTEM
IN BUILDINGS
GENERAL OBJECTIVE

To understand
electrical
installation in
buildings
 LEARNING OUTCOMES 1

 At the end of this topic students will be able to:

 Described the basic concept of electrical supply

 Described the 1 phase and 3 phases of electrical
supply
 Identify the differences between 1 phase and 3
phases
 Explained the advantages and weakness of the 1
phase compared to the three phases
 AN OVERVIEW OF ELECTRICITY
PRODUCTION

 Electrical energy is not a natural or primary source of energy

an it cannot be stored very easily
 Electrical energy is generated by several ways:
i) Stored energy (fossil fuel, nuclear and biomass) is
converted to thermal energy to make steam that turns the
turbine attached to the generator
ii) Gravitational potential energy (Hydro) is converted to
kinetic energy of water to turn the turbine
iii) Kinetic energy of wind turns a wind turbine to generate
electrical energy
iv) Solar energy transforms directly into electrical energy by
solar cells
v) Chemical energy transform directly into electrical energy by
accumulators
 BASIC CONCEPT OF ELECTRICAL SUPPLY

 Electricity arrives in your area from the national

supply network (the National grid) at 275 kV or 400
kV. Then it’s reduced to 132 kV volts at a substation
for distribution within each area of the country,
travelling to further substations known as grid
supply points
 From these, it is distributed an overhead lines or
underground cables at 33kV to the intermediate
substations
National Grid
 At the intermediate substations, electricity at 33 kV
is reduced to 11kV for secondary distribution
 The secondary distribution networks the carry it at
11kV to individual towns, industrial areas and
group of villages
 Particularly heavy users such as manufacturing
industries are supplied at 33kV
Transmission (Penghantaran)
THE SINGLE PHASE OF ELECTRICAL SUPPLY

 Electrical system supply consisting of 2 types of systems

namely as Single Phase 240v and Three Phase 415v
 Single Phase supply system normally installed in small
premises such as homes, small shops and so on, where
the load on the premise that there is a small number. The
overall total current load not exceeding 60 Amp.
 For Single Phase supply system comprises three wires
namely live, neutral and protection (earthing). Live wires
carried out electrical supply of 240Volt.
 Generally, single phase supply system is taken from a
three phase supply system of the system Provider
SINGLE PHASE TYPE
 the three phase electrical supply

 Three-phase electric power is the most common

method use by electric power distribution grids
worldwide to distribute power.
 For three phase supply systems are normally installed
in medium to large premises such as two-storey house
(bungalow), offices, restaurants and a workshop
where current load more than 60 Amp. It is also
installed on large premises such as factories, buildings
and so on.
 For three phase supply system that were consists of
five cables. Three cables namely Live (Red, Yellow
and Blue)/(Red, Yellow, Blue),a neutral cable and a
earthing / protection wire
 All three conductors carried-out supply of 415v.
Three phase supply system can be distributed to 240
Volt single phase system.
 PURPOSE OF 3Ф

 The applications of the three-phase system is;

 a) To turn on the machines 3Φ
 b) To supply power to large factories.
 c) For the transmission and distribution
system to the consumer.
 comparison Between Single Phase and Three Phase
Single Phase
Use in residential
240 voltage
Single phase has two line voltage
wires, separate from each other.
Each are 120V for total of 240V .
Use more electricity. Expensive to
operate.
Use more conductor material to
transmit electric power.
Three Phase
Use for large and industrial
building
415 voltage
3 phase has three line voltage
wires, actually saving more energy
and money for total of 415V
Uses less conductor electricity.
Cheaper to operate.
Uses less conductor material to
transmit electric power
 comparison Between Single Phase and Three Phase

 Nowadays three-phase system is more widely used in industries that

require power level higher than a single-phase system. Among the
advantages of three-phase systems than one phase are;

a) More economical because less construction and maintenance

costs. To provide significant amount of power equal to one phase of
the system, the use of smaller conductors and copper requirements
can be reduced further.
b) Easy installation because of lines or cables are smaller and lighter. This
resulted in a small supporting structure can be erected at a considerable
distance between supports.
c) equipment such as induction motors 3Φ have starting and operating
characteristics are better because the power more stable and permanent.
d) The electrical energy supplied by the system 3Φ higher than 1Φ
e) Most of the large motor using induction motor
3Φ as may be came into being without the need
for additional equipment such as capacitors,
centrifugal switches or other additional circuits

f) Production (output) and the quality of equipment work

better than 1Φ whereby 3Φ to have efficiency and higher
power factor.