Soal-soal ANIS II

What is the maximum pH that we can tolerate if we wish

to analyze a solution in which the activity of F– is 1×10–5
and if the error is to be less than 1%? KF-/OH- = 0.1
In the presence of OH– the cell potential is
Ecell = K − (0.05916)log{aF− + KF−/OH− × aOH−}
To achieve an error of less than 1%, the term KF–/OH– × aOH– must be less
than 1% ofaF–; thus
KF−/OH− × aOH− ≤ 0.01 × aF−
0.10 × aOH−≤ 0.01 × (1×10−5)
Solving for aOH– gives its maximum allowable activity as 1×10–6, which
corresponds to a pH of more than 8.
To analyze a brass alloy, a 0.442-g sample is dissolved in acid and
diluted to volume in a 500-mL volumetric flask. Electrolysis of a
10.00-mL sample at –0.3 V versus a SCE reduces Cu2+ to Cu,
requiring a total charge of 16.11 C. Adjusting the potential to –
0.6 V versus a SCE and completing the electrolysis requires
0.442 C to reduce Pb2+ to Pb. Report the %w/w Cu and Pb in the
alloy.
The reduction of Cu2+ to Cu requires two electrons per mole of Cu (n = 2). Using
equation 11.25, we calculate the moles and the grams of Cu in the portion of sample
being analyzed.
NCu= Q / nF = 16.11 C / ((2 mol e− / mol Cu) × (96487 C / mole−)) = 8.348×10−5 mol Cu
8.348×10−5 mol Cu × (63.55 g Cu / mol Cu) = 5.301×10−3 g Cu
This is the Cu from a 10.00 mL portion of a 500.0 mL sample; thus, the %/w/w copper
in the original sample of brass is
(5.301×10−3 g Cu × (500.0 mL / 10.00 mL) / 0.442 g sample) ×100 = 60.0% w/w Cu
For lead, we follow the same process; thus
NPb= Q / nF= 0.422 C / ((2 mol e− / mol Pb) × (96487 C / mole−)) = 2.19×10−6 mol Pb
2.19×10−6 mol Pb × (207.2 g Pb / mol Pb) = 4.53×10−4 g Pb
(4.53×10−4 g Pb × (500.0 mL / 10.00 mL) / 0.442 g sample) × 100 = 5.12% w/w Pb
The concentration of copper in a sample of sea water is
determined by anodic stripping voltammetry using the method
of standard additions. The analysis of a 50.0-mL sample gives a
peak current of 0.886 μA. After adding a 5.00-μL spike of 10.0
mg/L Cu2+, the peak current increases to 2.52 μA. Calculate the
μg/L copper in the sample of sea water.
For anodic stripping voltammetry, the peak current, ip, is a linear function of the
analyte’s concentration
ip = KCCu
where K is a constant that accounts for experimental parameters such as the
electrode’s area, the diffusion coefficient for Cu2+, the deposition time, and the rate of
stirring. For the analysis of the sample before the standard addition we know that the
current is
ip = 0.886 A = KCCu
and after the standard addition the current is
ip = 2.52 µA = K{CCu × (50.00 mL / 50.005 mL) + (10.00 mg Cu / L) × (0.005 mL / 50.005
mL)}
where 50.005 mL is the total volume after adding the 5.00 μL spike. Solving each
equation for K and combining leaves us with the following equation.
0.886 µA / CCu = K = 2.52 A /(CCu × (50.00 mL / 50.005 mL) + (10.00 mg Cu / L) × (0.005
mL / 50.005 mL))
Solving this equation for CCu gives its value as 5.42×10-4 mg Cu2+/L, or 0.542 μg Cu2+/L.
The concentration of Ca2+ in a water sample is determined using the
method of external standards. The ionic strength of the samples and
the standards was maintained at a nearly constant level by making
each solution 0.5 M in KNO3. The measured cell potentials for the
external standards are shown in the following table.
[Ca2+] (M) Ecell (V)
1.00×10–5 –0.125
5.00×10–5 –0.103
1.00×10–4 –0.093
5.00×10–4 –0.072
1.00×10–3 –0.065
5.00×10–3 –0.043
1.00×10–2 –0.033
What is the concentration of Ca2+ in a water sample if its cell potential
is found to be –0.084 V?
Linear regression gives the calibration curve, with an equation of
Ecell= 0.027 + 0.0303log[Ca2+]
Substituting the sample’s cell potential gives the concentration of Ca2+ as
2.17×10–4 M.