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POWER SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION AND
RELIABILITY

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CONTENTS

1) Reliability
2) System Planning Criteria
3) Power Transmission Technologies
4) System Studies
5) Transmission System Improvement
6) Advanced Transmission Technologies
7) Planning Methodology

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HIGHLIGHTS

 Imperative need to ensure an adequate level of reliability

 Strategic importance of adopting appropriate system planning
criteria
 Necessity of conducting sufficient power system stability
analyses
 Advantage of using available advanced power transmission
technologies to provide least- cost optimal solutions

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RELIABILITY

 IMPORTANCE OF RELIABILITY

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SYSTEM PLANNING CRITERIA

 GENERATION
 TRANSMISSION

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POWER TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGY

 AC
 HVDC

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POWER TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGY

 AC
 HVDC

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 POWER SYSTEM
STUDIES

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 POWER SYSTEM STUDIES
PERFORMED - 312
GENERAL STUDIES (LOAD FLOW, SHORT CIRCUIT,
160
MOTOR STARTING) - 45 GS

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POWER PLANT STUDY & INTERCONNECTION STUDY
(TRANSIENT STABILITY, LOAD SHEDDING, GENERATOIN
120 REJECTION, ISLANDING, BUS TRANSFER ETC)
-9 PPI
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RELAY SETTING & COORDINATION STUDY - 61 RCS
HARMONIC MEASUREMENT & ANALYSIS -10 HAS
No. of Projects

80
PF IMPROVEMENT STUDY - 4 PFCS
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SWITCHING & INSULATION COORDINATION STUDY - 146 ICS
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NEUTRAL GROUNDING EQUIPMENT STUDY - 20 NGR

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TRANSIENT RECOVERY VOLTAGE - 5 TRV
INDUCED VOLTAGE ON PIPE LINE - 1 IVS
0 RENEWABLE SOLAR PV-1 RSP
GS PPI RCS HAS PFCS ICS NGR TRV IVS RSP EEFA PMOA STATS
No. 45 9 61 10 4 146 20 5 1 1 4 5 1 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FAILURE ANALYSIS-4 EEFA
PROTECTION MIS-OPERATION ANALYSIS-5 PMOA
STATCOM STUDY -1 STATS

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 NATIONAL
GRID CODE
REQUIREMENT
STUDY
GENERATION
OPERATION GENERATOR
STUDIES AUXILLARY
SYSTEM
STUDY

GENERATION
SEGMENT

EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
DATA SIZING
VALIDATION

RENEWABLES
/SPECIAL
STUDIES

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 FEASIBILITY NETWORK
PLANNING
STUDIES STUDIES

LINE AND
T&D CABLE
SEGMENT PARAMETER
CALCULATION

RENEWABLE OPERATIONAL
INTEGRATION STUDIES

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 EQUIPMENT
STUDIES
BASIC STUDIES
REINFORCEMENT
STUDIES
SAFETY STUDIES

INDUSTRY PROTECTION CO-

ORDINATION
STUDIES
POWER QUALITY
STUDIES
SPECIAL STUDIES ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
CONSERVATION

GRID CODE
UTILITY STUDIES REQUIREMENT
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Key/Significant/Major Power System Studies for Integration of Power
Generation with SEC Transmission Network
 Complete Power System Studies of JAZAN power plant (EPC-4) package including
integration to SEC system.

 Feasibility Study for 100MW solar plant interconnection with SEC grid in Tabuk Area

 Conducted Load flow study using PSS/E

 BOQ and cost estimation for 132kV substation and equipment.

 Power System Studies for interconnection of 4x730 MW Rabigh-II Power Plant to SEC grid

 Verification of Generator, Exciter , Governor, and PSS parameters

 Conducted Load flow, short circuit, and transient stability studies using PSS/E
software.

 Power System interconnection studies for Ras Al Khair Power and Desalination Plant-
Phase1

 Conducted Load flow, short circuit, Motor starting, transient stability, and Bus
Transfer studies using ETAP software.

 Investigation Of Electrical problems at Arar, Rafha, Qurrayat, Al-Jouf , Tabarjal Power

plants.

 Transient stability, Load Flow, Short circuit, Motor starting, Relay setting studies.

 Developing techno-Economic proposals to mitigate the problems.

 Power system studies for Saudi Electricity Co, Sharurah Power Plant.
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 Transient stability, Load Flow, Short circuit, Motor starting, Relay setting studies.
Key /Significant/Major Power System Studies for Transmission Network
 Consulting services: Defining out-of-step relay setting on 380kV connection
in WOA, COA and SOA – Transmission Systems.
 Involves nation wide interconnected SEC network operation and
analysis is done using PSS/E software. Recommended settings already
implemented by SEC.

 Various Saudi Aramco plant study

 Transient Stability, Load Flow, Short Circuit, Relay setting, coordination,
Arc Flash, Insulation coordination & Load shedding.
 Feasibility study for 4 X 150MW power plant at Pakistan.

 Load Flow & Short circuit studies.

 Power up gradation at Abu Ali & Marjon Areas

 Insulation coordination and TRV studies.

 Insulation Coordination Studies for various SEC & SA projects.

 Induced Voltage Study on Pipeline at the point of 230kV line crossing at

SAFANIYAH

 Technical investigations and ferro resonance study for Saudi Aramco Abqaiq
substation

 Transient Switching Study for QAGAS.

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 KEY Projects
Details_Executed

SYSTEM STUDIES
4.Power System Studies for interconnection of 4x730 MW Rabigh-II Power
Plant to SEC grid

Job Details
 Power System modeling using PSS/E software of the Power
Plant & SEC network for the year 2014 & 2016.
 Load flow studies for the system intact condition under Peak
load and Off-peak load operating scenarios.
 Contingency analysis to ensure system security under N-1 &
N-2 conditions.
 Short circuit study to ensure the adequacy of the circuit
breakers.
 Transient stability studies for different operating scenarios,
system disturbance conditions and contingency conditions.
 Verification of PSS, Governor, Exciter and Generator
parameters.
Studies Performed
 Load Flow
 Short Circuit
 Transient Stability
 PSS Tuning
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Dynamic Stability study for Rabigh-II Power Plant
Figure 3
Power System Studies for interconnection
of 4x730 MW Rabigh-II Power Plant to SEC
grid

Exciter Parameter Verification

The Exciter model has been validated using the
PSS/E software. The dynamic simulation shows that
this exciter is stable as shown in the following Figure
3
Figure 4
Exciter Step Response Testing:
2% exciter step change is applied to the voltage
regulator set point on the one generator under peak
load conditions as shown in Figure 4. The exciter
response is without PSS.

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Dynamic Stability study for Rabigh-II Power Plant- (PSS Tuning & Parameter Validation)

PSS Model Verification

The same Exciter Step Response test has
been conducted with the PSS enabled. The
PSS improves the damping of the machines
significantly.

Governor Model Verification

This model has been verified using the
PSSE software. The dynamic simulation
shows that this governor is stable.

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Dynamic Stability study for Rabigh-II Power Plant

Three Phase Fault at RBG2 Results

 Three phase fault at Rabigh 2, 380 KV
bus for 5 cycles fault duration.
 The Transient simulation shows the
Rabigh 2 units and the system is stable
for this disturbance.

CCT for Three Phase Fault at RBG2

 The study concludes that the CCT is 200 msec
(12 cycles) at Rabigh 2 during both the peak
and minimum load conditions.
 This CCT is acceptable and much higher than
the maximum fault clearing time of the main
relay protection on the 380 KV lines in Rabigh
2 which is 80msec (5 cycles).

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5.Consulting services: Power System Studies for 2400 MW Combined Cycle
Power Plant & Desalination Plant

Job Details
 Assessment of the impact of 2400 MW power plant operation along with
Ma’aden aluminium smelter in Grid Islanded mode by conducting Potline
startup and Potline re-start studies.
 Studies to assess the response of power plant with variation in smelter
load and water production (Load shedding and generation rejection).
 Assessment of response of power plant to grid disturbances.
 Equipment Validation for 380kV substation and 13.8kV MV network of
Power plant, desalination plant and pumping station.
 Motor starting
 Automatic bus transfer studies.

Studies Performed
 Load flow, short circuit, Transient stability, motor starting studies, bus
change-over studies, Insulation co-ordination, Ferro-resonance, transfer
surge analysis and circuit breaker TRV studies.

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Generation Rejection Studies for Ras Al Khair Power Plant

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Generation Rejection Studies for Ras Al Khair Power Plant
• SEC 1000 MW load with 1200 MW Smelter Load Rejection (Voltage)
A nalog Graph
V OLT 31302 [RA Z A L KHA IR380.00]
1.0450

1.0400

1.0350

1.0300
Voltage (pu)

1.0250

1.0200

1.0150

1.0100

1.0050

1.0000
V OLT 31290 [MA A DEN 380.00]
1.050

1.040

1.030
Voltage (pu)

1.020

1.010

1.000

0.990
x 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 ...
...
...

A nalog Graph
V OLT 31302 [RA Z A L KHA IR380.00]
1.060

1.040

1.020

1.000
Voltage (pu)

0.980

0.960

0.940

0.920

0.900
V OLT 31290 [MA A DEN 380.00]
1.060

1.040

1.020

1.000
Voltage (pu)

0.980

0.960

0.940

0.920

0.900
x 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 ...
...
...

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10. Feasibility Study for interconnection of 100 MW PV Solar Plant in Tabuk
Area

Job Details
 Preliminary environmental assessment studies
 Identifying constraints regarding local municipality approval
highlighting the safety regulations of KSA for setting-up the
PV plant.
 Identification of nearest existing grid station (115kV or
380kV) and assessment of available transformation capacity
for evacuation for Power Evacuation
o Assessing the possibility of reinforcement/strengthening
of the existing station to evacuate the power from the
proposed PV solar plant.
o Developing preliminary power evacuation plan for
interconnection of PV solar plant to SEC grid.
o Assessment of approximate route length of the
transmission line from the interconnection substation
of the SEC grid substation.
 Preparation of broad cost estimation for the proposed
interconnection substation, transmission line and
reinforcement of SEC/NG-SA grid station.

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100 MW SOLAR FEASIBILITY STUDY

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15.Defining out-of step relay setting on 380kV connection in WOA, COA and
SOA – Transmission Systems.

Job Details
 SEC network model analysis using PSS/E software
 Performed Loss of synchronism study between interconnected power system for
power system contingencies (Power system faults, Loss of Generation & Line
switching).
 Performed Loss of synchronism study between generators and rest of the utility
system for power system contingencies (Power system faults, Loss of Generation
& Line switching).
 Identified Out of step situation.
 Provided Relay setting for Identified Out of step situation.
 Power system Transient performance validation after Out of step operation and
system spilt by performing Transient stability studies.

Studies Performed
 Load flow
 short circuit,
 Transient stability and
 Voltage stability study
 OOS protection setting calculations.
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OOS for complete SEC Network

 OOS Study using Software System Model

– Run Variety of Disturbances to determine OOS
Location
– Finalize Applicable Load Model
– Identify Extreme Disturbances that Causes OOS
– Consider UV Load Shed If Applicable Prior to OOS

 Calculating the Out-of-Step Relay Setting

– Derivation of OOS Relay Setting Criteria
– Collect Software Results for the OOS Cases
– Identify the Worst OOS case
– Determine settings for inner blinders
– Determine settings for Outer blinders
– Set the upper (positive) and lower (negative)
blinders

 Testing the Derived Relay Setting and Validation

– Set the Blinders in the Study Software
– Run the Disturbances Again and Verify
– Validate System Separation and Stability 48
OOS for complete SEC Network

 Variety of Disturbance Analysis

– Applying 3 Phase Fault at 380kV / 230kV and Tripping the Line
– Applying 1 Phase Fault at 380kV / 230kV and Tripping the Line
– Huge Generation Losses
– Human Error in Grid Operation

 System Conditions Considered for the Disturbance

– Peak Generation With peak Load
– Off-Peak Generation With Off-Peak Load
– One Tie-Line Out
– Different Load Despatch Cases
– Under Voltage Tripping of Specific Loads

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OOS for complete SEC Network
Response at Region 3 end in the event of 3 PH fault on the Response at Region 2 end in the event of 3 PH fault
region3 line on the region3 line
OSS Protection
Disabled

OSS Protection
Disabled

Response at Region 3 end in the event of 3 PH fault Response at Region 2 end in the event of 3 PH
on the region3 line fault on the region3 line

OSS Protection
Enabled

OSS Protection
Enabled

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OOS for complete SEC Network (System Response)

OSS Protection
OSS Protection Disabled
Disabled

OSS Protection OSS Protection

Enabled Enabled

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 Projects
On going

SYSTEM STUDIES
2. JAZAN IGCC POWER PLANT: ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION AND INTERCONNECTION

• Owner: SAUDI ARAMCO

• Client: SAUDI ARAMCO
Description: Saudi Aramco intends to construct an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)
Power Plant located in the south west corner of the Jazan Refinery Plot within Jazan Economic City
(JEC), Saudi Arabia The Plant will be built to supply Refinery Load, IGCC auxiliary loads, and net
power of 2400 MW minimum to be exported to SEC grid.
The IGCC complex will include five (5) combined cycle power generation blocks. Substations are
SS-110, SS-210, SS-310, SS-410, and SS-510. Each block will include two combustion turbine
generators along with one steam turbine generator.
The IGCC plant will include Air Separation Units (ASU), Gasification Units, Acid Gas Removal (AGR),
Sulphur Recovery Units (SRU), Essential/Black Start Power Systems, Utility Waste Water
Treatment, Sea Water Systems, Tank Farm, Administration Buildings and associated substations.

• DAR Solution: DAR’s signature are present on complete facility right from power plant to power
evacuation and grid connection
The scope included:
 Power system studies like Load flow, Short Circuit , motor starting, harmonic analysis , relay
coordination study and Arc Flash Analysis.
 PSS/E model development and Transient stability with plant grid-connected and islanded
modes
 Insulation Coordination and TRV studies for 380kV, 230kV and 132kV voltage levels connected
to the IGCC
 Integration of all the EPC packages with the EPC-4 package.
 Black start study.
 Generator PSS tuning.
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POWER SYSTME SIMULATION SOFTWARE
•Load Flow, Short Circuit, , Motor Starting Study, Transient Stability, Harmonic Analysis, Relay-setting
ETAP Calculation and Arc Flash Studies.

• Electro Magnetic Transient Analysis Studies like Switching, Lightning, Ferro-Resonance, TRV & VFTO.
PSCAD

• Electro Magnetic Transient Analysis Studies like Switching, Lightning, Ferro-Resonance, TRV & VFTO.
EMTP-
RV
• Complex studies like Planning Studies, Transient Stability Study, Out-of-step Study and PV-QV Analysis for
PSSE wide networks.

• Calculate Induced Voltages on Pipes.

ROW-
PRO

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Quality Policy and Certification

3/16/2018 69
SELECTED CLIENTELE ACROSS THE MARKET SECTORS

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Thank you

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