GEOLOGI BATUBARA

COAL QUALITY
Kelompok 3

Amellia Dwi Santika

Kevin Estonio
Muhammad Fachry Reyvaldo
Natasya Prima Oktaviani
Rifqi Bambang P
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Outline
• Chemical properties of coal
• Combustion properties of coal
• Physical properties of coal
• Caking tests
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Basic Analytical Data

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Proximate Analysis
• Moisture
• Surface moisture
• As received or as delivered moisture
• Total moisture
• Air dried moisture

• Volatile Matter
• Fixed Carbon
Proximate Analysis
• Ash
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Ultimate analysis
• Consists of the determination of carbon and hydrogen as gaseous products of
its complete combustion, the determination of sulfur, nitrogen and ash in the
material as a whole, and the estimation of oxygen by difference.

• Carbon and hydrogen-> these are liberated as CO2 and H2O when the coal
is burned and are most easily determined together.
• Nitrogen ->Nitrogen content of coal is significant particularly in relation to
atmospheric pollution.
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Ultimate analysis
• Oksigen -> When the coal is oxidized, oxygen may be present in oxides,
hydroxides and sulfate minerals.
• Sulfur -> sulfur content of coals presents problems with utilization and
resultant pollution. Sulfur causes corrosion and fouling of boiler tubes,and
atmospheric pollution when released in flue gases.
• only the total sulfur content is determined.
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Other analysis
1. Forms of sulfur
2. Carbon dioxide
3. Chlorine
4. Phosporus
5. Ash analysis
6. Trace element analysis
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Sifat Pembakaran Batubara

• Nilai Kalori (CV)
1. Gross Calorific
2. Net Calorific
net CV = gross CV − 0.212H − 0.024M in MJ kg−1
net CV=gross CV − 50.7H−5.83M in kcal kg−1
net CV = gross CV − 91.2H − 10.5M in Btu lb−1

• Suhu Ash Fusion

1. Suhu deformasi awal (IT)
2. Suhu pelunakan (sphere) (ST)
3. Suhu hemisphere (HT)
4. Suhu fluida (FT)
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• Coking Tests
1. Gray–King coke type
2. Fischer assay
3. Gieseler plastometer
4. Dilerometer Audibert-Arnu
5. Uji lapisan plastic
6. Fluoresensi Vitrinite
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Physical properties of coal

• Density
o The density of a coal will depend on its rank and mineral matter content
o Apparent Density is determined by the loss of weight incurred when
immersed in water (air remains trapped within the coal)
o True Density is determined by crushing the coal and using a standard
density bottle or pycnometer

• Particle size distribution

Size distribution in a coal depends on the mining and handling it
undergoes, together with its hardness, strength and its inherent degree
of fracturing
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Physical properties of coal

• Hardness and grindability • Abrasion index
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Physical properties of coal

Float–sink tests
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Caking test
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• Roga index test

• Mengindikasikan caking pada coals.
A sample of coal is combined with a standard measure of anthracite and
then heated. The resultant button is then tested for mechanical strength
rather than the change in dimensions, by being rotated in a drum for
specific time. The Roga index
• values 0–5 are equivalent to the free swelling index values 0– 1/2,
• values 5–20 = 1–2,
• values 20–45 = 21/2–4
• values > 45 = > 4.
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Coal Oxidation
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References
• Thomas, Larry. Coal Geology 2nd editon. Wiley-Blackwell. 2013
• TITUS Tlotlengcoal, Monnamme. Characteristics That Lead To Abrasion
During Grinding. Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, of the
University of the Witwatersrand. 2011
• BS 1016: Part 19 - Determination of the index of abrasion of coal
• http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coal-analyses-float-sink.php (diakses 28
Februari 2018