Bagaimana Membina &

Menulis Artikel

How to Develop &

Write an Article

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Inspiring Futrures, Inspiring Possibilities
 Mulakan…..
Getting Started
1. Pilih tajuk berdasarkan keperluan
Choose a topic based on requirements.

2. Tanya soalan berikut kepada diri sendiri

Ask yourself questions:

• Apa yang saya tahu tentang tajuk ini?

What do I know about the topic?
• Apa yang ingin saya pelajari?
What would I like to learn?
• Apa yang akan orang lain pelajari dari artikel ini?
What will others learn from reading my
article?
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Inspiring Futrures, Inspiring Possibilities
 Bentuk Persoalan Kajian
Formulate a Research Question

Mulakan dengan mencari maklumat latar

belakang persoalan – tinjauan literatur
Start by finding background information
on your topic – literature review

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Inspiring Futrures, Inspiring Possibilities
Personal Exploration of Topic
Once you have familiarized yourself
with the topic, reflect on your initial
impressions:
Free Writing – just write down your
thoughts
List Key Words – list words that describe
your topic
Clustering/Webbing - create a web
that links terms together (an example of
webbing is on the next slide)
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Inspiring Futrures, Inspiring Possibilities
Webbing - red is the topic

1.Relax. Play some creative music.

2.Spelling or style doesn't count.
3.Don't worry about organization.
4.Free-associate ideas. Keep them simple.
5.Write or sketch as quickly as you can.
6.Write or sketch in any order.
7.Develop all ideas.
8.Keep working.

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 Formulate a Question

• Decide what question you want to

answer with your research.
• Formulate a Question – the answer to
the question becomes your thesis
question.
• For example:
– How does exercise improve someone’s mental health?
– What are the effects of violent video games on
elementary school children?
– What was the impact of Cubism on early twentieth
century culture?
– Should elementary schools provide more programming in
the arts?
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Inspiring Futrures, Inspiring Possibilities
 Starting Your Research

• Decide what kind of information that you

need based on your research
assignment.
• The information will be determined by
your topic and assignment
requirements:
– Current or historical or both
– Biographical information
– Criticism and analysis
– Statistics
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– And More Mengilham harapan, mencipta masa depan
Inspiring Futrures, Inspiring Possibilities
 Finding Information:
Books
Journals – current articles
Internet resources – reliable

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 Decide on the
Usefulness of a Book
1. How to Evaluate a Book for the
Assignment:
a. Read title as clue to content
b. Scan table of contents
c. Search for key terms in book index

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Inspiring Futrures, Inspiring Possibilities
 Decide on the Usefulness of
Journal Articles
• Evaluate usefulness of journal articles for
assignment:
– Read title and subtitle as clue to content.
– Read abstract if available.
– Check key terms at end of article for related
links to further explore topic.

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Inspiring Futrures, Inspiring Possibilities
 Decide on the Usefulness of
Internet Site Information
1. Evaluate Internet site:
a. find source of the site and information
 Who is responsible for the website?
 Who provided the information?
» a person who is known in the field of
study.
» an organization that is reputable, i.e.
American Cancer Society.
b. note currency of site – when was it last
updated?
c. assess relevance of information to the
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assignment. Inspiring Futrures, Inspiring Possibilities

 Avoid Plagiarism

Citing sources of information.

How to paraphrase, summarize,
quote.

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Inspiring Futrures, Inspiring Possibilities
 Taking Notes
• Organizing Your Research Using
Note Cards
– Read source actively by highlighting
important information.
– Record quotes that you may want to use
later and include source and page number
on card.
– Create paraphrases and summaries on
note cards directly from your research.
– Record on each note card the author’s
name and page number for later reference.
• Organizing Your Research Using a
Computer

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Inspiring Futrures, Inspiring Possibilities
 Drafting

• Follow your outline.

• Begin to incorporate research material into
each paragraph.
• Cite your source for each quote, paraphrase
and summary.
• Check with your instructor about which
documentation and format style to use.
• Be sure to include your opinion and
comments on the research.
• Write your conclusion based on your answer
to your research question (your thesis).
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Inspiring Futrures, Inspiring Possibilities
Preparing the Final Version of Your
Research Paper
• Revise draft based on comments from your
instructor and/or tutor
• Check cited sources for accuracy and MLA Style
or another style format.
• Proof read your work – don’t forget the Spell and
Grammar check in Microsoft Word.
• Add works cited page.
• Add title page.

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Inspiring Futrures, Inspiring Possibilities