Beruflich Dokumente
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Networks
Outline
• Overview of P2P overlay networks
• Applications of overlay networks
• Classification of overlay networks
– Structured overlay networks
– Unstructured overlay networks
– Overlay multicast networks
Overview of P2P overlay networks
• What is P2P systems?
– P2P refers to applications that take advantage of
resources (storage, cycles, content, human presence)
available at the end systems of the internet.
• What is overlay networks?
– Overlay networks refer to networks that are
constructed on top of another network (e.g. IP).
• What is P2P overlay network?
– Any overlay network that is constructed by the
Internet peers in the application layer on top of the IP
network.
Overview of P2P overlay networks
• P2P overlay network properties
– Efficient use of resources
– Self-organizing
• All peers organize themselves into an application layer network on top of IP.
– Scalability
• Consumers of resources also donate resources
• Aggregate resources grow naturally with utilization
– Reliability
• No single point of failure
• Redundant overlay links between the peers
• Redundant data source
– Ease of deployment and administration
• The nodes are self-organized
• No need to deploy servers to satisfy demand.
• Built-in fault tolerance, replication, and load balancing
• No need any change in underlay IP networks
Applications of P2P overlay networks
Alice
P2P: problems with centralized directory
group-leader peer
neighoring relationships
in overlay network
KaZaA: Querying
• Each file has a hash and a descriptor
• Client sends keyword query to its group leader
• Group leader responds with matches:
– For each match: metadata, hash, IP address
• If group leader forwards query to other group
leaders, they respond with matches
• Client then selects files for downloading
– HTTP requests using hash as identifier sent to peers
holding desired file
KazaA tricks
• Limitations on simultaneous uploads
• Request queuing
• Incentive priorities
• Parallel downloading
Internet P2P Traffic Statistics
• Between 50 and 65 percent of all download traffic is
P2P related.
• Between 75 and 90 percent of all upload traffic is P2P
related.
• And it seems that more people are using p2p today