Physics of Welding Continued

Physics of Welding Continued

Lesson Objectives Learning Activities
1. Look up
When you finish this lesson you will Keywords
understand: 2. View Slides;
• Wire melting modes 3. Read Notes,
• Power Supply Characteristics 4. Listen to lecture
• Interactions between the arc and the power 5. View Hi-speed
Videos
supplies 6. Do on-line
• Principles of Magnetic Arc Blow workbook
7. Do Excel
Tutorial

Keywords
Metal Transfer, Short Circuit Transfer, Pulsed Arc, Power Supply
Characteristics, Open Circuit Voltage, Closed Circuit Current,
Constant Voltage Power Supply, Constant Current Power Supply,
Drooping Characteristic, Self Regulating Arc,Magnetic Arc Blow
Physics of Welding

• Heat Input Concepts

• Energy Sources
• Arc Characteristics
• Wire Melting
 Gas Metal Arc Welding

GMAW Modes of Metal Transfer

Spray Globular

Short Circuiting Pulsed Spray

Ave I
Pulsed Arc

Tandom
Arc
View the Arc Welding High Speed Videos
from the Video Web Page on the WE300
Website
Turn to the person sitting next to you and discuss (1 min.):
• From the chart showing the effect on metal transfer by
changes in shielding gas it is seen that an addition of 2%
oxygen to tan argon GMAW using DCEP caused the arc to
stop wandering and have good spray transfer. Can you
explain from a physical point of view what might have
happened?
Welding Arcs and Machines
Open-Circuit Voltage
V
CC
Voc
Hot Start

Arc CV
Voc

I
Short-Circuit Current
V
CC

Arc Force
or Dig

CV

Arc
I
Isc Isc
(1000's)
Electrical Stability of the Arc
V

Unstable

Rs
Stable Arc

Arc will
Source
operate here
I
 Manual Arc Control
F F
F

B B B

h h h

B=F F>B B>F

F = Feed Rate
B = Burn-Off Rate
Manual Arc Control Inputs
Vary
I I
V V
Power Power
Source Source

Vary

h
Arc Arc
h

I I

Vary Current Current Varies

 Self-Regulation of the Arc
Wire Spool
V
Feed Rolls or Reel I=F/k1
Contact
Tube or Tip

F Vm
Wire arc too
CV B Feeder CV long
I
Power V arc too
Source short
h

F=constant, I varies
I
current current
drops rises
B<F B>F
Processes Using Processes Using
Constant Current Constant Voltage

• SMAW • GMAW
• GTAW • FCAW
• PAW • SAW
• Processes • Processes that use
where humans constant velocity wire
control arc feeding
length by hand
Turn to the person sitting next to you and discuss (1 min.):
• In the V-I Characteristic Curves, there are two places
where the Arc current and voltage are the same as the power
supply current and voltage, one point is stable and the other
is unstable. Why is the unstable point unstable?
Magnetic Arc Blow
Magnetic Flux Concentration
Next Class Period You will Have a
Homework Assignment which will
require the use of an Excel Spreadsheet.
You should review your knowledge of
Excel or click on the digging deeper
tutorial.

Excel Tutorial