Introduction To Engineer & Society: Bfc32202: Engineers and Society

BFC32202: ENGINEERS AND SOCIETY
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEER &

SOCIETY
INTRODUCTION
 Engineering has evolved and developed as

practical art and a profession over more than
50 centuries.
 Historical studies of engineering teach us
respect for the past and its achievement.
Preparedby:sitikhalijah
INTRODUCTION
 The concept of engineering has existed since
ancient times as humans devised fundamental
inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel.
Each of these inventions is consistent with the
modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic
mechanical principles to develop useful tools and
objects.
Development of Engineering in
Society
ENGINEERING
 The Accreditation Board for Engineering and

Technology (ABET) defines engineering as
“the profession in which a knowledge of the
mathematical and natural sciences gained by
study, experience, and practice is applied with
judgment to develop ways to utilize,
economically, the materials and forces of
nature for the benefit of mankind.”
ENGINEERING IN EARLY YEARS
 Inventions and innovations had existed in the early
years consist of:
 Mesopotamia
 Egyptian
 Greek
 Romans
 Contributions of the Mesopotamians
 Wheeled cart – first appear at the land of Tigris

and Euphrates River
 Canals, temples and city wall – Sumerian people
 Astrolabe – an angle measuring device was being used
for astronomical observation
 The Ziggurat – terraced pyramid of brick
 Code of Hammurabi – important message dealing

with quality assurance and professional
responsibility
 Irrigation and flood control works
 Canals
 Public water supply
 Contributions of the Egyptian
 Beginning at 200- BC
 Surveying – using rope
 Irrigation system – dykes, canals and drainage
system
 Pyramids – by Imhotep as a burial place
 Contributions of the Greek
 Beginning at 600 BC
 Advance in art, literature and philosophy
 Harbor builders – great breakwater or mole

that protect the harbor at Samos
 The Pharos of Alexandria – first lighthouse

 Tunnel – 3300 long foot tunnel
 Design Athens as most beautiful city – building

temple, shrines, statue
 Contributions of the Romans
 Beginning at 450 BC
 Hydraulic cement
 Construction machine – pile drivers, treadmill

hoist, wooden bucket wheels
 The Appian Way – road network
 Aqua Appia – the first aqueduct built at

Rome
 The Pantheon – temple of all gods of Ancient Rome
 The Alcantara Bridge – Romans stone arch bridge
 The Colosseum - an elliptical amphitheatre and the

largest by Roman empire
ENGINEERING IN MIDDLE AGES
 From 500 BC to
1500 BC
 Gothic cathedrals –
 the lightest, most
daring skeleton
stone construction
 Castle – to protect properties
 Labor saving devices – windmill, water mills, water

wheels
 China – gunpowder, development of making paper
processes, iron
 Engineer title - Thus the person who created or
designed engines of war -- battering rams,
catapults, assault towers, and the like -- came to be
known as the "ingeniator" or "engine-er".
 Contributions of the Islamic civilization
 Measurement of distance and size of planet
 Time and calendar determination
 Algebra and trigonometry
ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE
 From 1300 – 1750 AD
 Advancement in transportation and communication
 Canal building – invention of canal lock, introduce by

Italian architect-engineer
 Networks of canal-constructed throughout Europe
 Ocean transport –
navigation and
shipbuilding, docks and
harbors
 Johann Gutenberg –
movable type mold for
printing was invented
in 1450
 Contribution of scientist
 Leonardo da Vinci – artist, architect and
experimental scientist
 Nicolaus Copernicus – founded modern
astronomy that the earth is moving planet
 Galileo – telescope and law of falling bodies
 Robert Boyle – compression and expansion of
air and other gases
 Contribution of scientist
 Robert Hooke – theory of elasticity known as
Hooke Law
 Sir Isaac Newton – invented calculus, secret of
light and color, law of universal gravitation
 Thomas Newcomen – steam engines
ADVANCEMENT IN ENGINEERING
 From 1750 – 1900 AD

 James Watt produced a working model of a
vastly improved steam engine
 Matthew Boulton and James Watt built engines and
have been used for pumping out mines and driving
the machinery in iron works and textile mills
 Charcoal had been used in mis-1700s
 Shortage of wood for making charcoal-

development of steam-driven mine pumps
 Extensive network of canals at England
 Progress in transportation – railroad system
 Advance in technology of road building – John

Macadam developed a method of road construction by
compacting layers of broken stones
 Thomas Telford advocated building roads by using

large flat stones set on edge and wedged together to
form a solid base that was surfaced with broken stone
and gravel
 Development of electricity – source of power
 First electric battery by Alessandra Volta
 Sir Humphrey Davy discovered electromagnetism
and arch light
 Michael Faraday demonstrated process of
magnetic induction
 Thomas A. Edison invented incandescent bulb
 Communication by telegraph by Samuel F.B. Morse
 Engineering Profession
 John Smeaton of Great Britain, the first use title
Civil Engineer
 1818 – Institution of Civil Engineers
 1847 – Institution of Mechanical Engineer
 1908 – engineering societies in America was
establish for civil, electrical, chemical and
mining
ENGINEERING IN TWENTIETH CENTURY
 Air transportation - In 1903, Wibur and Orville Wright

flew their airplane on a journey that lasted 12 seconds
and covered a distance of 120 feet
 Motor vehicles - Henry Ford contributed greatly to the

development and popularity of automobiles by
introducing modern mass production and affordable
vehicle costs
 Treatment of water and

sewage – rapid sand
filter, large-scale of
sludge settling, uses of
liquid chlorine
 Construction project –
Empire State Building,
The George Washington
Bridge, The Sears Tower
 Water resources – Hoover Dam, pioneering concrete

dam
 Nuclear power – 1967 the first nuclear power
generating station operated
 Electronic field – invention of transistor in 1947
replaced semiconductor devices have in large
measure replaced vacuum tubes as amplifying
devices for electronic signals
MALAYSIA DEVELOPMENT
 1980 – Manufacturing (world largest
semiconductor manufacturer)
 1983 – PROTON (first national car)
 1985 – Penang Bridge
 1993 – Sunway Lagoon

 1991 – KL Tower Suspension Bridge
 1995 - Putrajaya
 1998 – KLIA
 1998 – Stadium Nasional Bukit Jalil
 1999 - Sepang International Circuit
 1999 – Petronas Twin
Tower
 1999 – PUTRA LRT
 2001 – MyCard
 2006 – Iskandar Malaysia

 2003 – Gerbang Selatan Bersepadu

 Completed 2007 – ZEO Building

 2008- Crystal Mosque

 2010- Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin Mosque (Iron

Mosque)
 2012- Malaysia Lego Land
 2012- Sabah Convention Centre

Engineers as an agent of
development
DEVELOPMENT
 Development-the transformation of traditional, low
productivity, subsistence societies into modern, high
productivity and high income nations.
 Why development?
• To increase the availability and widen the distribution of
life sustaining goods (food, shelter, health, protection,
security)
• To raise the standard of living (higher income, more jobs,
better education)
• To expand the range of economic and social choices.
DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA
 Over the years the development that have taken
place in Malaysia have amazed all of us.
 We have built the tallest twin building in the world,
the longest bridge in Asia, super highway across the
length and breadth of Malaysia, the breathtaking KL
International Airport in Sepang and the beautiful
and well-planned Federal Government
Administration Centre in Putrajaya.
 Malaysian Engineers have been contributing to the
nation building significantly since the early period of
20th century.
 Engineers have been playing a significant role in this
area and will continue to play similar if not a bigger
role in ensuring that the nation will also be a
developed country by 2020 and become a vibrant
and model country.
 Engineers are called by various names based on their
expertise. Examples are civil, electrical, chemical,
mechanical, software and electronic engineers.
 Engineers are largest in number in Malaysia. Therefore it is
not surprising that the engineers are assets of this nation
in ensuring emergence of Malaysia as a great nation in the
eyes of global society.
 When the leaders generate the big vision for the country,
the engineers translate the vision into reality. The
engineers take up the challenge and delivers to the need of
the country.

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BFC32202: ENGINEERS AND SOCIETY

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEER &

 Engineering has evolved and developed as

 The Accreditation Board for Engineering and

 Wheeled cart – first appear at the land of Tigris

 Canals, temples and city wall – Sumerian people

 The Ziggurat – terraced pyramid of brick

 Code of Hammurabi – important message dealing

 Pyramids – by Imhotep as a burial place

 Harbor builders – great breakwater or mole

 The Pharos of Alexandria – first lighthouse

 Design Athens as most beautiful city – building

 Construction machine – pile drivers, treadmill

 The Appian Way – road network

 Aqua Appia – the first aqueduct built at

 The Pantheon – temple of all gods of Ancient Rome

 The Alcantara Bridge – Romans stone arch bridge

 The Colosseum - an elliptical amphitheatre and the

 Castle – to protect properties

 Labor saving devices – windmill, water mills, water

 Advancement in transportation and communication

 Canal building – invention of canal lock, introduce by

 From 1750 – 1900 AD

 Shortage of wood for making charcoal-

 Advance in technology of road building – John

 Thomas Telford advocated building roads by using

 Communication by telegraph by Samuel F.B. Morse

 Air transportation - In 1903, Wibur and Orville Wright

 Motor vehicles - Henry Ford contributed greatly to the

 Treatment of water and

 Water resources – Hoover Dam, pioneering concrete

 1985 – Penang Bridge

 1993 – Sunway Lagoon

 1999 - Sepang International Circuit

 2006 – Iskandar Malaysia

 2003 – Gerbang Selatan Bersepadu

 Completed 2007 – ZEO Building

 2008- Crystal Mosque

 2010- Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin Mosque (Iron

 2012- Malaysia Lego Land

 2012- Sabah Convention Centre

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