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In spherical coordinates:
𝜕𝑉 1 𝜕𝑉 1 𝜕𝑉
grad V = 𝛻V = 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝜃 + 𝑎𝜙
𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜙
note: The projection or component of V in the direction of a
unit vector 𝒂 is
𝛻V ∙ 𝑎