• Resonant Converter

• Power line disturbances and conditioners

• Electric derives
• MOSFET,IGBT TRIAC
Resonant Converter
Voltage Current
• di/dt , dv/dt increases
• F reduces
• Power loss increases
• Temperature increases
• Cooling requirement increases
• EMI
• Size increases
• Voltage across device it or , current through it
zero that time do switch.
• Controlled di/dt or dv/dt
• No instantaneous carry large current
• I

• V
• Hard switching
• Voltage across device or current through not controlled
• Soft switching
• Stress on device increases due to hard switching
• To reduce converter size and weight, switching frequency increases
• Switch ON/OFF device when voltage across it AND/OR current through it is
zero
• Soft switch converter
• Resonant converter
• Some sort of L,C resonance
• Wr very high(300-500KHz)
• L, C decreases
 ZCS

C
 ZVS

C
 Advantages
• Device stress reduced
• Low EMI
• switching losses=zero
• Less cooling requirement
• Separate L and C required
• Possible to improve diode recovery
• Use of parasitic elements
 Disadvantages
• Circuit operation complex
• Peak current is higher
 Applications
• Power supply, reduced size, weight
• Soft switch dc to dc
• Induction heating
• Lighting choke
 POWER LINE DISTURBANCES
• Over voltage
• Under voltage
• Outage
• Voltage spikes
• Chopped voltage waveforms
Electric Drives
• For industrial applications
• Production unit= an electric motor + an
energy transmitting device + working(driven)
machine
• ELECTRIC MOTOR: sources of motive power
• ENERGY TRANSMITING DEVICE: delivers
power from electric motor to load(shaft,
belt,chain,rope..)
• WORKING MACHINE: driven machine that
performs the production process.(lathes,
pumps, drilling machines, lifts, conveyer belts,
food mixer)
 electric drive

Working
Main power Power motor machine
source controller
• An electric motor with its
control equipment and
energy transmitting device
forms an electric drive.
 Types
• DC drive
• AC drive
 DC drives
• Single phase dc drives
• Three phase dc drives
• Chopper drives
• Separately excited dc motor
• Self excited dc motor
 Example
• A separately excited dc motor is supplied from
230V,50Hz source through a single phase half
wave controlled converter. Its field is fed
through 1 phase semi converter with zero
degree firing angle delay. Motor resistance
ra=0.5 V-sec/rad. For rated load torque of
15Nm at 1000rpm and for continuous ripple
fee currents, find Firing angle of armature
circuit
• Motor constant km = 0.5 Nm/A
• Motor torque Te= Km.Ia=> Ia=____
• Motor emf Ea = km . Wm =_____
• Foe 1phase half wave
vo= Vm/2.pi (1 + cos )
= Ea + Ia.ra.
Power MOSFET
• 1978: 100V,25A
• 200V,500A SEMIKRON
• 60V,1000A SEMIKRON
• Generally low voltage,high current
• Very popular for dc to dc
• Majority carrier device
• No secondary reakdown, positive temp coeff
• Unipolar device
structure
• N- block forward voltage
• Sio2 insulator,Ig=0
• High input impedance
• So gate power requirement small
• Vgs<vt
• Vgs>vt
Depletion, accumulation
Inversion
Drain characteristics
Switching characteristics
IGBT
Static characteristics
Switching characteristics
TRIAC
Mode 1,3
Static curve