ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of any interdisciplinary Lab and Experiement depend upon the co-
operation, co-ordination and combine effort of several resources like knowledge, skill and
time. I acknowledge with thanks for the guidance, knowledge and inspiration provided to me
by Lab and Experiment Deptt., Electronics and Telecom Deptt.

Last but not the least, I extend my thanks to all those who directly or indirectly helped
me in completing the Lab and Experiment work.

YUGAL KISHOR
ST576622-8
ELECTRONICS & TELECOM ENGG.
 STATEMENT

I, Yugal Kishor Membership No. ST576622-8, Electronics & Telecommunication

Engineering, certify that the Lab and Experiment work is submitted to college.

It is prepared with the guidance & direction by Lab and Experiment Staff of Electronics
and Telecom Deptt. to the best of knowledge.

YUGAL KISHOR
ST576622-8
(ELECTRONICS & TELE COMMUNICATION ENGG.)
 LIST OF
EXPERIMENTS
SL
EXPERIMENTS
NO.
1 TO STUDY OF WIEN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR.
2 TO STUDY OF “CLASS-B” PUSH-PULL AMPLIFIER.
3 TO STUDY OF TRUTH TABLE FOR HALF ADDER CIRCUIT.
4 TO STUDY OF TRUTH TABLE FOR FULL ADDER CIRCUIT.
TO GENERATE FM SIGNAL & DETERMINE THE
MODULATION INDEX AND BANDWIDTH FOR VARIOUS
5
VALUE OF AMPLITUDE & FREQUENCY MODULATING
SIGNAL.
SL
EXPERIMENTS
NO.
TO DEMODULATE A FREQUENCY MODULATION SIGNAL
6
USING FM DETECTOR.
7 TO STUDY THE AMPLITUDE MODULATION.
8 TO STUDY THE AMPLITUDE DEMODULATION.
TO STUDY THE LOW PASS FILTER AND ITS
9
CHARACTERISTICS.
TO STUDY THE FUNCTION OF 8 BIT MICROPROCESSOR
AND WRITE AN ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMME TO
10 STORE “30H” IN REGISTER “C” AND “20H” IN REGISTER
“D”. ADD THE TWO NUMBER AND STORE A RESULT IN
REGISTER “H”.
 EXPERIEMENT - 01
 OBJECTIVE
TO THE STUDY OF WIEN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR.

 THEORY
The Wien Bridge Oscillator is a standard Oscillator circuit for low to moderate
frequencies, in the range of 5 Hz to about 1 MHz. It is mainly used in Audio Frequency
generators.
The Wien Bridge Oscillator used as a feedback circuit called a lead lag network.

 APPARATUS REQUIRD
CRO, Power Supply, Bread board, Multimeter, Trainer Kit.
CKT DIAGRAM OF WIEN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
 EXPERIEMENT - 02
 OBJECTIVE
TO STUDY OF “CLASS-B” PUSH-PULL AMPLIFIER.

 THEORY
The “Class-B” Push-Pull amplifier required an input and output Transformer, but it
is not needed in the complementary symmetry Push-Pull amplifier, as it uses two
complement PNP and NPN Transistor.
It may be noted that input is capacitive coupled & Output is directly coupled.

 APPARATUS REQUIRD
CRO, Power Supply, Bread board, Multimeter, Trainer Kit.
CKT DIAGRAM OF “CLASS-B” PUSH-PULL AMPLIFIER
 EXPERIEMENT - 03
 OBJECTIVE
TO STUDY OF TRUTH TABLE FOR HALF ADDER CKT.

 THEORY
Half Adder is a Combinational circuit that perform the Arithmetic Sum of two bits.
This circuit needs two in output designed as Sum and Carry.
SUM (S) = X’Y + XY’
CARRY (C) = XY

 APPARATUS REQUIRD
E And E make Training Module, Patch Card and connecting wires.
LOGIC DIAGRAM OF HALF ADDER CIRCUIT
 TRUTH TABLE OF HALF ADDER

INPUT OUTPUT

A B SUM CARRY

0 0 0 0

0 1 1 0

1 0 1 0

1 1 0 1
 EXPERIEMENT - 04
 OBJECTIVE
TO THE STUDY OF TRUTH TABLE FOR FULL ADDER CIRCUIT.

 THEORY
Full Adder is a Combinational circuit, that perform the Arithmetic SUM of three
input bit. It consist of three Input and two Output. Full Adder circuit involves the SUM
of two bit and CARRY from previous Addition. Expression of SUM and CARRY are :-
SUM (S) = X’Y’Z + X’YZ’+XY’Z’+XYZ
CARRY (C) = XY + XZ + YZ

 APPARATUS REQUIRD
Training Module and Patch Card.
LOGIC DIAGRAM OF FULL ADDER CIRCUIT
 TRUTH TABLE OF HALF ADDER

INPUT OUTPUT
A B C SUM CARRY
0 0 O 0 0

0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1

1 0 0 1 0

1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 1
 EXPERIEMENT - 05
 OBJECTIVE
To Generate Frequency Modulated Signal & Determine the Modulation Index and
Bandwidth for various value of Amplitude and Frequency of Modulating Signal.

 THEORY
The Process in which the Frequency of the carrier is raised in accordance with the
instantaneous Amplitude of the FM signal can be expressed, where Ac is Amplitude of
the carrier signal, fc is the carrier frequency “B” is the Modulation Index of the “FM
wave”.

 APPARATUS REQUIRD
Modulation Trainer, Function generation oscilloscope, connecting wires.
CKT DIAGRAM OF FREQUENCY MODULATION CIRCUIT
 EXPERIEMENT - 06
 OBJECTIVE
TO DEMODULATE A FREQUENCY MODULATED SIGNAL USING FM DETECTOR.

 THEORY
A demodulator is an electronic circuit that is used to recover the information
content from the modulated carrier wave. There are many types of modulation so
there are many types of demodulators. The signal output from a demodulator may
represent sound, images or binary data.
These terms are traditionally used in connection with radio receivers, but many
other systems use many kinds of demodulators

 APPARATUS REQUIRD
Modulation Trainer, Function generation oscilloscope, connecting wires.
CKT DIAGRAM OF FREQUENCY DEMODULATION CIRCUIT
 EXPERIEMENT - 07
 OBJECTIVE
TO STUDY THE AMPLITUDE MODULATION.

 THEORY
Amplitude modulation (AM) is a modulation technique used in electronic
communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave.
In amplitude modulation, the amplitude (signal strength) of the carrier wave is varied
in proportion to the waveform being transmitted. That waveform may, for instance,
correspond to the sounds to be reproduced by a loudspeaker, or the light intensity of
television pixels.

 APPARATUS REQUIRD
Transistor BC108, Resistor, Capacitor, AFO, CRO, Diode, Power Supply, Bread Board
CKT DIAGRAM OF AMPLITUDE MODULATION CIRCUIT
 EXPERIEMENT - 08
 OBJECTIVE
TO STUDY THE AMPLITUDE DEMODULATION.

 THEORY
The Process of detection provides a means of recovering the Modulating signal
from Modulated signal. Demodulation is the reverse process of Modulation. The
detector circuit is employed to detect the carrier wave and eliminate the side bands.
An increased time constant Rc results in a marginal output follows the modulation
envelope.

 APPARATUS REQUIRD
Transistor BC108, Resistor, Capacitor, AFO, CRO, Diode, Power Supply, Bread Board
CKT DIAGRAM OF AMPLITUDE DEMODULATION CIRCUIT
 EXPERIEMENT - 09
 OBJECTIVE
TO DESIGN AND STUDY LOW PASS FILTER AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS.

 THEORY
The LPF is a Filter that Pass Low Frequency signals but attenuates signal with
higher frequency that cut off frequency, the amount of attenuator for each frequency
varies from filter filter. It is sometimes called a high cut filter, when used in Audio
Application.
CUT OFF FREQUENCY : - As stated above, the circuit has two role to put the
desired low frequency signal and stop the unwanted high frequency signal, but at what
frequency does the filter change its behavior from passing the low ones and stopping
the high ones. This is called Cut off Frequency.
CKT DIAGRAM OF LOW PASS FILTER CIRCUIT
 EXPERIEMENT - 10
 OBJECTIVE
Function of 8 bit Microprocessor and Write and Assembly Language Program to
store “30H” in Reg. “C” and “20H” in Reg. “D”. Add the two numbers and store a Result
in Register “H”.
 THEORY
The 8085 Microprocessor is a 8 bit microprocessor, produced by Intel and in the
year of 1976.
Function of 8085 Microprocessor :-
(1) Accumulation
(2) Arithmetic & Logical calculation
(3) Interrupt control
(4) Serial Input/Output control
(5) Instruction Reg. & Decoder.
 APPARATUS REQUIRED
DYNA 8085
 PROGRAM
MEMORY HEXADECIMAL MNEMONICS COMMENT
LOCATION ADDRESS
C000H 0E MVI C, 30H Move Immediate “30H” in Reg. “C”
C001H 30
C002H 16 MVI D,20H Move Immediate “20H” in Reg. “D”
C003H 20
C004H 79 MOV A, C Store the value of Reg. C in
Accumulator i.e. Reg. A
C005H 82 ADD, D Add the value of Reg. D and Reg. A
Result saved at Reg. A
C006H 67 MOV H, A Store the Value of Reg. A to Reg. H
C007H CF RST1 Interrupt the Program.
FLOW CHART OF PROGRAM