BRAKING

IN BRAKING, THE MOTOR WORKS AS A GENERATOR

DEVELOPING A NEGATIVE TORQUE WHICH OPPOSES THE
MOTION. IT IS OF THREE TYPES:
• REGENERATIVE BRAKING;
• DYNAMIC OR RHEOSTATIC BRAKING; AND
• PLUGGING OR REVERSE VOLTAGE BRAKING.
 REGENERATIVE BRAKING AND ITS APPLICATIONS
• MOTOR ACTS AS A GENERATOR.
• EA > VA . IA NEGATIVE FLOWS BACK TO THE SOURCE

• REGENERATIVE BRAKING EMPLOYED IN PARALLEL

HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
• A PHEV INCLUDES AN ELECTRIC MOTOR
POWERTRAIN SYSTEM AND A CONVENTIONAL
POWERTRAIN SYSTEM THAT PROVIDE POWER TO
THE DRIVE WHEELS SIMULTANEOUSLY.
 APPLICATION OF BRAKING TECHNIQUES
• THE RBS UTILIZES THE ELECTRIC MOTOR, PROVIDING. NEGATIVE TORQUE TO THE DRIVEN
WHEELS AND CONVERTING KINETIC ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY FOR RECHARGING
THE BATTERY OR POWER SUPPLY

• THE DISSIPATION OF KINETIC ENERGY DURING BRAKING, BY AN ELECTRIC OR HYBRID

VEHICLE CAN BE RECOVERED ADVANTAGEOUSLY BY CONTROLLING POWER
ELECTRONICS SUCH THAT THE ELECTRIC TRACTION MOTOR BEHAVES AS A GENERATOR.

• THE ENERGY RECOVERED DURING THIS PROCESS CAN BE\ RETURNED TO THE ENERGY
STORAGE DEVICE FOR FUTURE USE THEREBY IMPROVING RELIABILITY, EFFICIENCY AND
PERFORMANCE AT MINIMUM ADDITIONAL COST
DYNAMIC BRAKING AND ITS APPLICATIONS
• SIMILAR TO REGENERATIVE BRAKING BUT VA IS
REPLACED BY RB
• KINETIC ENERGY OF MOTOR IS DISSIPATED IN RB
• THIS BRAKING ALTERNATIVE TAKES ADVANTAGE OF
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES TO CONTROL HOIST
AND OTHER CRANE MOTIONS
• WHEN OVERHEAD CRANES ARE USED IN
INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES, CRANE RESISTOR BANKS
ARE FREQUENTLY USED FOR CONTROL OF
HOISTING AND LOWERING SPEEDS, AS WELL AS
POSITIONING THE CRANE ITSELF.
DYNAMIC BRAKING PREVENTS UNCONTROLLED DESCENT OF HOISTS, THUS ENHANCING SAFETY
OF CRANE AND HOIST OPERATION. NATURALLY, AS YOU DRIVE A HOIST IN THE DOWN
DIRECTION, THE LOAD TRIES TO PULL THE HOIST FASTER THAN WHAT THE AC MOTOR IS TELLING
IT TO DO.

FRICTION WEARS DOWN MECHANICAL BRAKE PADS. BUT DYNAMIC BRAKING MINIMIZES THE
USE OF MECHANICAL BRAKES, THUS REDUCING WEAR AND TEAR AND EXTENDING THE LIFE OF
BRAKE COMPONENTS.

THIS METHOD ALSO REDUCE POWER CONSUMPTION SINCE IT IS PERFORMING GENERATOR

ACTION AS OPPOSING TO MOTOR ACTION

IT IS DESIRABLE IN CERTAIN IMPORTANT DRIVES TO PROVIDE AUTOMATIC STOPPING IN THE

EVENT OF POWER FAILURE. THIS MAY BE ACCOMPLISHED WITHOUT MAGNETIC BRAKES BY
USING DYNAMIC BRAKING TO DECELERATE THE DRIVE AND INHERENT FRICTION IN THE MACHINE
TO BRING IT TO REST FOR EXAMPLE TWO DC SERIES/PARALLEL MOTOR (FORWARD AND
REVERSE DIRECTION)
PLUGGING AND ITS APPLICATIONS
• SUPPLY VOLTAGE VA IS REVERSED
• ASSISTS EA IN FORCING IA IN REVERSE DIRECTION
• RB CONNECTED IN SERIES TO LIMIT CURRENT
• FOR BRAKING, A SERIES MOTOR EITHER THE
ARMATURE TERMINALS OR FIELD TERMINALS ARE
REVERSED. BUT BOTH ARMATURE AND FIELD
TERMINALS ARE NOT REVERSED TOGETHER.
• AT THE ZERO SPEED, THE BRAKING TORQUE IS NOT
ZERO. THE MOTOR MUST BE DISCONNECTED FROM
THE SUPPLY AT OR NEAR ZERO SPEED WHEN THE
MOTOR IS USED FOR STOPPING A LOAD
PLUGGING AND ITS APPLICATIONS
• THE METHOD OF BRAKING, KNOWN AS PLUGGING OR REVERSE CURRENT BRAKING IS A
HIGHLY INSUFFICIENT METHOD BECAUSE, IN ADDITION TO THE POWER SUPPLIED BY THE
LOAD, POWER SUPPLIED BY THE SOURCE IS ALSO WASTED IN RESISTANCE.

• THE PLUGGING IS COMMONLY USED FOR THE FOLLOWING PURPOSES LISTED BELOW.
IN CONTROLLING ELEVATORS
ROLLING MILLS
PRINTING PRESSES
MACHINE TOOLS, ETC