MACHINE TOOL DESIGN

TOPIC: VIBRATIONS
Introduction to Mechanical
Vibrations
 What is vibration?
• Vibrations are oscillations of a system about
an equilbrium position.
Vibration…

It is also an
everyday
phenomenon we
meet on
everyday life
MAIN CAUSE OF VIIBRATION

1.Unbalanced force in the different parts of the

machine.
2.Lack of lubricants between two mating surface.
3.External load or force which make system vibrant.
4.Lack of balancing of force in machine part.
5.Earthquakes
6.Winds which may cause vibration in transmission and
telephone lines.
 Vibration …
Useful Vibration Harmful vibration
Compressor
Noise
Testing

Destruction

Wear
Ultrasonic
cleaning

Fatigue
HARMFUL EFFECTS OF VIBRATION

1. Produce excessive stresses.

2. Produce undesirable noise.
3. Reduce the machine element life.
4. partial or complete failure of machine parts.
5. Energy waste.
 Vibration parameters
All mechanical systems
can be modeled by
containing three basic
components:
spring, damper, mass

When these components are subjected to constant force, they

react with a constant
displacement, velocity and acceleration
 Free vibration
• When a system is initially disturbed by a displacement,
velocity or acceleration, the system begins to vibrate with a
constant amplitude and frequency depend on its stiffness and
mass.
• This frequency is called as natural frequency, and the form of
the vibration is called as mode shapes

Equilibrium pos.
 Free Vibration

•Vibrate in the absence of damping and

external force.

• Characteristics:
• the system oscillates with constant frequency and
amplitude
• the system oscillates with its natural frequency
• the total energy of the oscillator remains constant
Forced Vibration
If an external force applied to a
system, the system will follow the
force with the same frequency.
However, when the force frequency
is increased to the system’s natural
’ frequency, amplitudes will
dangerously increase in this region.
This phenomenon called as
“Resonance”
 Damped Vibration

• The oscillating system is opposed by dissipative

forces.
• The system does positive work on the
surroundings.

• Examples:
a mass oscillates under water
oscillation of a metal plate in the magnetic field
 Damping
•a process whereby energy is taken from the
vibrating system and is being absorbed by
the surroundings.

• Examples of damping forces:

 internal forces of a spring,
viscous force in a fluid,
 electromagnetic damping in galvanometers,
 shock absorber in a car.
 ELEMINATION OR REDUCTIION OF
VIIBRATIION

1. Using shock absorber in vehicles.

2. By using dynamic vibration absorbers.
3. Using isolator between moving parts and
stationary parts.
 PROBLEM:

A 1000 KG car carrying four 82 KG of each person travels over washboader dirt road
with corrugation 4.o m apart. The car bounces with maximum amplitude when its
speed is 16 km/h. when car stops and peoples get out of car, how much does the car
rise on its suspensions.
THANK YOU
PRESENTED BY:
SAYED ARBAZ ALI
VIPUL PATIL