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When a speed making vessel pushes a mass of water in front of her bow. This water must
flow back under and at the sides of the vessel to replace the water displaced by the ship’s
hull..
A1
A2
Condition of the ship when not making on the water (Confined water)
When making way through the water
A2<A1 ; V2>V1
Decreasing area = increasing speed
V2>V1 ; P2<P1
Increasing speed = decreasing pressure
Open waters:
Squat = CB x V2 [meters]
100
Confined Waters:
You can calculate the ship’s squat at different speed, in order to identify the
effects of squat on the underkeel clearance of the ship at different ship.
SHIP SQUAT CURVES
Ship Speed Maximum Squats in Open Maximum Squats in
(knots) Water (m) Confine Channels (m)
0 0 0
1 -0.01 -0.02
2 -0.03 -0.07
3 -0.08 -0.15
4 -0.13 -0.27
5 -0.21 -0.42
6 -0.3 -0.6
7 -0.41 -0.82
8 -0.54 -1.08
9 -0.68 -1.36
10 -0.84 -1.68
11 -1.02 -2.03
12 -1.21 -2.42
13 -1.42
14 -1.65
15 -1.89
Full-form ship's speed in knots
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
0.00
-0.25
Maximum squats @ BOW (m).
-0.50
-0.75
Open Water
-1.00
The main factors is Ship Speed. Speed varies approximately with the speed squared. As an
example if we double the speed, we quadruple the Squat. Putting into another way, it
can be shown that Halving the Speed will Quarter the Squat.
Another important factor is the Block Coefficient (Cb), Squat varies directly with Cb. Oil
tankers will therefore have comparatively more squat than passenger Liners.
How to recognize whether/when squat occurs
http://www.ship-squat.com/shallow_water_signs.htm
http://www.nisea.org/newsletter%2002-03.htm
http://pinoymaritime.com/blog/2008/06/ship-squat/