Epidermal emergences

• All unicellular and multicellular appendages are known as trichomes;

more massive structures, e.g., warts, spinous bodies both epidermal
and sub-epidermal are called emergences.
• The use of trichomes in taxonomic studies is of much value, and has
been known for many years.
• In identification of some families of angiosperms, the presence of a
particular type of trichomes helps a lot, e.g., simple unicellular or
multicellular uniseriate trichomes occur in many taxa; similarly the
occurrence of glandular trichomes of various kinds forms an aid to
taxonomy in some respects.
Indumentum Types and Surface Appendages

A, velvety: very densely covered with fine short soft erect hairs; B,
pubescent: a somewhat dense covering of short, weak, soft hairs; C,
silky: covered with fine soft more or less straight appressed hairs aligned
in the same direction, with a lustrous sheen and satin-like to the touch; D,
felted: matted with very short interlocked hairs, having the appearance or
texture of felt.
E, tomentose: covered with dense intertwined hairs; F, woolly:
densely covered with matted long hairs; G, villous: covered with
long shaggy hairs, not matted; H, pilose: hairy with long soft
weak hairs which are clearly separated but not sparse.
I, ciliate: having the margin fringed with hairs, resembling an
eyelash.; J, fimbriate: having the margin fringed with long hair-
like processes; K, scabrous: rough to the touch; having the
surface rough with minute hard processes or very short rigid
hairs.; L, hirsute: bearing coarse, moderately stiff, longish hairs.
M, strigose: covered with sharp appressed rigid bristly hairs that
are often swollen at the base N, bristles: a more or less straight
stiff hair; O, prickles; a hard, pointed outgrowth from the surface
of a plant, involving several layers of cells, but not containing a
vascular system; P, spines: a stiff process with a sharp point,
formed by a modification of a plant organ that contains vascular
tissue.
Fig. 15. Trichome Types

A, simple hairs; b, tubercle-based hairs mineral concretions, usually

of calcium carbonate on a cellulose stalk, chiefly occurring in specialized
hairs in some Urticaceae and Cannabaceae and in Acanthaceae; C,
glandular hairs; D, vesicular hairs; vesicular hairs often collapse and
form a silvery layer on the surface of the organ on which they are
formed; E, moniliform hairs: constricted , so as to resemble a necklace
of beads; F, dendritic hairs: much branched, like the crown of a tree.
G, stellate hairs: star-shaped; e.g. of hairs with radiating branches; H,
peltate scales: term describing an organ with a stalk or point of
attachment on its lower surface away from the margin, often umbrella-
like; I, elongate scales: lengthened; stretched out; J, barbed bristles:
term describing a bristle or awn with terminal or lateral backward
pointing projections, each projection being a barb; K, plumose hair:
feather-like, with a central axis and fine hairs arising from.
Surface Patterns

A, colliculate: of a surface, rough with low rounded

protuberances; B, muricate: of a surface, rough with pointed
protuberances or short hard tubercles; C, warty: having the
surface rough with tubercles or small wart-like outgrowths; D,
papillate: of a surface, rough with papillae.
 E, glandular: having glands, e.g. of hairs of a surface; F,
bullate: with the surface blistered or puckered; G, wrinkled:
covered with coarse lines or furrows; H, striate: striped with
parallel longitudinal ridges or lines.
 G

E
F