Future of Sociology

Points to Remember
The majority of undergraduate majors do not go on to

graduate school in sociology. We must do a better job of
counseling them, because they are the bread and butter of
the discipline.
The market is improving for new PhDs, but sociology would

have a lower unemployment rate if they were trained non-
academic jobs.
It looks as if cultural studies is the intellectual future of the

discipline replacing family and theory, although criminal
justice is where jobs are.
There are small increases in minorities in the sociology

pipeline, but they appear to get stuck on the way to the top.
MFP helps.
Slide 2
The Future of Sociology: Minorities, Programs, and Jobs
Individual and
Institutional
Aspects
Slide 3
Sociology Degrees Awarded by Degree Level,
1966 – 2010*
(number of degrees)
40,000
35,915
35,000
31,858
30,848
30,000 27,992 28,556
29,000
25,296
24,158
25,000 23,073
22,062
19,181 19,644
20,000
15,993
15,203
14,347
15,000 13,085
12,165
Bachelors
Masters
10,000
Doctorates*
5,000
1,816 2,236 1,675 1,774 2,031
981 1,451 1,157 1,213 1,453
986
244 534 586 738 592 527 510 446 549 531 535 598 573 638
0
66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10
Source: National Center for Education Statistics. 2012. The Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) and the
Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Washington, DC: Department of Education. Retrieved: February
15, 2012 (https://webcaspar.nsf.gov).
4
* Data for PhDs earned between 2008 and 2010 are taken from the National Science Foundation's Survey of Doctoral
Slide 4 Recipients (htts://webcaspar.nsf.gov).
Top Five Reasons For Majoring in Sociology,
by Type of School (2005)
(Percent Responding “Very Important;” Weighted)
Source: Bachelors and Beyond Survey, 2005
5
Slide 5
Relationship Between Type of Program and
Master’s Program’s Likelihood of Closing, 2011
6
Source: ASA Survey of Graduate Program Directors, 2011
Slide 7
Recommendation for Improving Graduate
School Curricula by Non-Academic Sociologists
(Percentage of Respondents)
7
Slide 9 Source: Beyond the Ivory Tower: Survey for the Ford Foundation of Non-Academic PhDs in Sociology, 2005
Race and Ethnicity
Slide 10
Significant Differences in the Reasons For
Majoring in Sociology by Race and Ethnicity (2005)
(Percent Responding “Very Important;” Weighted)
Source: Bachelors and Beyond Survey, 2005 9

Slide 6
Sociology Degrees Awarded by
Race/Ethnicity, 1995 - 2009
Percentage of Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded
0.8
0.7
70.4%
67.3%
0.6 64.5%
62.5% 61.7%
59.4%
57.0%
0.5
Asian or Pacific Islander

0.4 Black, Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
White, Non-Hispanic
0.3
0.2 15.6% 16.0% 16.5% 15.6% 16.2% 16.5%

14.0%
9.0% 9.8% 10.1% 11.8%
7.7% 9.0%
0.1 6.8%
5.0% 5.2% 5.2% 5.9% 6.7% 6.8%

4.3%
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), Integrated Postsecondary Education
Data System (IPEDS) Completions,1966-2009 (Washington, DC: NCES, 2010). Retrieved from https://webcaspar.nsf.gov 10
(November 4, 2010).
Slide 11
Percentage of Master’s Degrees Awarded
0.7
65.1% 64.5%
0.6
61.6% 60.4%
59.2% 58.2%
57.5%
55.9%
0.5

0.4 Black, Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
0.3 White, Non-Hispanic
0.2 16.9%
14.1% 14.6% 14.8%
12.8% 12.7% 12.6%
0.1 6.8% 8.8%

7.2% 8.0% 6.7%
4.7% 5.4%
3.9%
4.1% 3.9% 3.2% 4.4% 5.2% 4.5% 4.3% 4.2%

0
1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Slide 12 (November 4, 2010).
Percentage of Doctoral Degrees Awarded
62.4%
61.7% 62.3% 62.2%
0.57
58.7%
56.9%
54.4% 53.8%
52.0%
0.47

0.37
Black, Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
0.27 White, Non-Hispanic
0.17
8.1% 8.5% 7.4% 8.4% 7.9%

6.1%
0.07 6.2%
4.8% 6.9% 7.6%
4.7% 4.6% 6.1% 4.6%
4.0%
2.3%
-0.03
1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Slide 13 (November 4, 2010).
What Do We Do?
Sociologists in the Work Force
Slide 14
Assistant and Open Rank Faculty Positions
Advertised Through the American
Sociological Association, 2008 – 2011*
2008
2009
499 503 2010
427 405 2011
378
324 338
258
Total Positions Advertised Total Advertising Departments
Source: ASA Job Bank Survey, 2008 - 2011

* Excludes foreign positions and departments. 14
Slide 8
More Sociology Bachelor’s Recipients
are in the Labor Market:
Future Plans as Reported in 2005 versus 2007
Source: ASA Research and Development Department, What Can I Do With a Bachelor’s in Sociology?
15
Slide 15 A National Survey of Seniors Majoring in Sociology Wave II, 2007
Types of Occupations of Sociology
Bachelor’s Degree Recipients (2007)
Occupation Example %
Social Services, Counselors, Psychologists Oversee AIDS outreach team 26.5
Administrative Support Scheduler for a state representative 15.8
Management Handle employment and labor relations 14.4
Marketing Planning and developing marketing strategies 10.1
Services Crime scene technician 8.3
Provide reference, research, and database

Teachers, librarians 8.1
searching
Social Science, Researchers Research climate change policies 5.7
Other professionals Website design 6.8
Other N/A 4.4
16
What Do They Study in Graduate School?
(in percents)
Professional Degree Fields 34.8

Social work/human services 18.3
Law, pre-law, or legal studies 8.4
Health professional and related sciences 8.1
Sociology 13.0
Other Degree Fields 24.6
Education 6.4
Psychology 5.0
Business 3.1
Criminology 2.7
Library Science 1.9
Political Science 1.6
Visual and performing arts 1.6
Languages, linguistics, literature, and letters 1.5
Area and Ethnic Studies 0.4
Urban and religious services 0.4
Other/Joint Programs 27.6
TOTAL 100.0
Source: ASA Research and Development Department, What Can I Do With a Bachelor’s Degree in
17
Slide 17 Sociology? Wave III
Types of Job Activities Differ Between
Terminal Master’s Graduates and Current
Students
(in percents)
Current
Terminal
Terminal
Primary work activities Master’s Total
Master’s
Graduate
Student
Accounting and finance 3.5 2.7 3.2
Applied or basic research 30.4 12.8 20.2
Computer programming 4.1 7.2 5.3
Employee relations 4.7 0.0 2.8
Managing or supervising 3.5 12.6 7.1
Professional services 6.4 12.6 8.9
Sales and marketing 10.5 9.0 9.9
Teaching 15.8 14.4 15.2
Working with diverse groups 9.4 5.4 7.8
Other 11.7 16.2 13.5
TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0
(N) 171 111 282
18
Slide 18 Source: ASA Research and Development Department, What Can I Do With a Master’s in Sociology? Wave III.
Master’s Degrees Improve Job Conditions
(percentage of terminal master’s graduates)
19
Source: ASA Research and Development Department, What Can I Do With a Master’s in Sociology? Wave III.
Slide 19
Comparison of Specializations Listed in All
Assistant and Open Rank Job Bank
Advertisements in 2010 to Areas of Interest
Selected by PhD Candidates on ASA Membership
Forms in 2010
Difference in %
Advertised Areas of Student
of Specialties
Specialization Specialties Interest in 2010
Compared to
(N=427) (N=4,511)
Interest *
% Rank % Rank %
Sociology of Culture 8.4 14 24.3 3 - 15.8
Inequalities and
19.7 6 34.7 1 - 15.0
Stratification
Social Control, Law,

30.9 1 17.9 7 + 13.0
Crime, and Deviance
Politics and Social Change 23.0 2 33.9 2 - 10.9
Place and Environment 23.0 3 13.7 10 + 9.3
Gender and Sexuality 10.3 13 19.6 5 - 9.3
Sources: ASA Job Bank and Membership databases. 20

Slide 21 * A minus sign indicates an oversupply of graduate students. A plus sign indicates an undersupply.
Job Satisfaction
Slide 22
Sociology Bachelor’s Degree Recipients’
Pathways to Job Satisfaction
Skills
Resume
Educated
Parents
Type of
School Interview
Race On-the-Job
Activities
Closeness
to Job
Sociology Satisfaction
22
Factors Related to Job Satisfaction for
Master’s Graduates*
Source: ASA Research and Development Department, What Can I Do With a Master’s in Sociology? Wave III. 23
Slide 24 * Based on a regression model. Black text indicates variables in the model that are not significant at the 0.05 level.
PhD Job and Family Satisfaction, 2006
(in percents)
Source: ASA Research and Development Department, PhD+10: A Follow-Up Survey on Career
24
Slide 25 and Family Transitions Out of the Academic Sector, 2007.
Intellectual
Activities
Slide 26
Total ASA Membership by
Race/Ethnicity in 2001 and 2010*
(in percents)
Racial and Ethnic Categories 2001 2010
African American 4.9 6.0
Asian or Pacific Islander 5.1 5.4
Hispanic 3.4 4.3
White 68.3 64.0
Did Not Report Race/Ethnicity 15.1 17.2
TOTAL 100.0 100.0
(N) 12,365 13,708
Source: ASA Membership Database

26
*Excludes Native American and Other categories.
Slide 28
Top 10 Sections in 2010, by
Membership Status
(rank and percent of group)
27
Slide 29 Source: ASA Membership Database
African Americans in
the Sociology Pipeline
Slide 30
The Survival of African Americans in the
Sociology “Career Pipeline”
(estimated number of students/faculty)
Become full professors
20 Become assistant professors

30
Awarded sociology PhDs
40
Awarded Sociology M.A.’s
270
Enrolled in graduate sociology programs 1,150
Enrolled in graduate school 2,480
In the sociology baccalaureate pool 3,900
29
Slide 31 Source: ASA Department of Research and Development, Race and Ethnicity in the Sociology Pipeline, 2007
Points to Remember
The majority of undergraduate majors do not go on to
graduate school in sociology. We must do a better job of
counseling them, because they are the bread and butter of
the discipline.
The market is improving for new PhDs, but sociology would

have a lower unemployment rate if they were trained non-
academic jobs.
It looks as if cultural studies is the intellectual future of the

discipline replacing family and theory, although criminal
justice is where jobs are.
There are small increases in minorities in the sociology

pipeline, but they appear to get stuck on the way to the top.
MFP helps.
Slide 33
Visit the ASA Research Department on the web.
http://www.asanet.org/research/index.cfm
Slide 34

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Points to Remember

The majority of undergraduate majors do not go on to

The market is improving for new PhDs, but sociology would

It looks as if cultural studies is the intellectual future of the

There are small increases in minorities in the sociology

Source: Bachelors and Beyond Survey, 2005

Source: Bachelors and Beyond Survey, 2005 9

Asian or Pacific Islander

0.2 15.6% 16.0% 16.5% 15.6% 16.2% 16.5%

5.0% 5.2% 5.2% 5.9% 6.7% 6.8%

Asian or Pacific Islander

0.1 6.8% 8.8%

4.1% 3.9% 3.2% 4.4% 5.2% 4.5% 4.3% 4.2%

Asian or Pacific Islander

8.1% 8.5% 7.4% 8.4% 7.9%

Total Positions Advertised Total Advertising Departments

Source: ASA Job Bank Survey, 2008 - 2011

Social Services, Counselors, Psychologists Oversee AIDS outreach team 26.5

Administrative Support Scheduler for a state representative 15.8

Management Handle employment and labor relations 14.4

Marketing Planning and developing marketing strategies 10.1

Services Crime scene technician 8.3

Provide reference, research, and database

Social Science, Researchers Research climate change policies 5.7

Other professionals Website design 6.8

Other N/A 4.4

Professional Degree Fields 34.8

Social Control, Law,

Politics and Social Change 23.0 2 33.9 2 - 10.9

Place and Environment 23.0 3 13.7 10 + 9.3

Gender and Sexuality 10.3 13 19.6 5 - 9.3

Sources: ASA Job Bank and Membership databases. 20

Racial and Ethnic Categories 2001 2010

African American 4.9 6.0

Asian or Pacific Islander 5.1 5.4

Hispanic 3.4 4.3

White 68.3 64.0

Did Not Report Race/Ethnicity 15.1 17.2

TOTAL 100.0 100.0

(N) 12,365 13,708

Source: ASA Membership Database

Become full professors

20 Become assistant professors

Enrolled in graduate sociology programs 1,150

Enrolled in graduate school 2,480

In the sociology baccalaureate pool 3,900

The market is improving for new PhDs, but sociology would

It looks as if cultural studies is the intellectual future of the

There are small increases in minorities in the sociology

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