GROUP MEMBERS:

1. RAJA ARIFF SALAHUDIN BIN RAJA KAMARUL AKMAR

2. SATIAH A/P WAHAB
3.SITI RAIHAN BINTI SHAFIE
 poorest example unconventional gas system
 Master referred BCGA as deep- basin gas

not all occured at

great depths

 appropriate term
 however, may include
 widely used “tight gas sand” conventional gas
System Elements And
Processes
Source Reservoir Trap
rock seal rock formation

1.lenticular
Commonly There is a small, fluvial
channel necessary for
humic - type perception
2. sandstones accumulation
coal beds and that the limited pore of oil and
carbonaceous seals are volume and very gas
shale leaky. low
permeability.
Map of the United States showing the geographic
distribution of known and potential BCGAs.
 Exploration and Strategy

 Including 4 phases and only applicable for direct system:

 1.Reconnaisance phase
-is the phase to identify the basin that contain BCGA's system.
-identify there is source rock(e.g: gas prone coal beds)
-appropriate reservoir quality( low porosity and permeability
reservoirs are desirable attributes for BCGA's)
 2.Confirmation Phase
-The phase where to determine reservoir pressure
-and mechanism of abnormal pressure( because all BCGA's have
abnormal pressure)
-they determine the pressure by measuring the pore fluid
composition,porosity,permeability,porosity and thermal maturation.
-sonic velocities also is to determine the absence of abnormal
pressure
3.Delineation phase
-The phase to determine the accurate mapping of the basin area.
-Study the basin effectively by detailed study on a small area(fragmented
area) rather than broad based area.
- Study the stratigraphic, structural, source rock, reservoir rock, pressure,
thermal history, and petrophysical of the basin.
-More high quality data will be achieved using small area.
-Fragmented area from other parts of basin can be compared to get the
analog of the entire basin.
 4.Sweet spot identification
-Sweet spot(the enhanced reservoir quality)
-To identify the sweet spots using 3-D seismic surveys
-The techniques includes thermal maturity and surface geochemical surveys.
 Shaded areas along cross section AA_x0002_ represent overpressured, gas-saturated
reservoirs. Relief on top of overpressuring from outside the field area to inside the field area
ranges from 2500 to 3000 ft .(Jonah Field, Greater Green River Basin,Wyoming, United
States)
 Cross section BB_x0002_ showing spatial distribution of BCGA superimposed
on structure through the Washakiebasin,Wyoming, United States,(modified
from Law et al., 1989). Shaded pattern shows overpressured, gas-saturated
BCGA.
Spatial and temporal
distribution
 THE GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF BCGAS POORLY
KNOWN.
 KNOWLEDGE OF THE STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
OF BCGAS IS INCOMPLETE.
 NORTH AMERICA, WHERE MOST OF THE EXPLORATION
ACTIVITY FOR BCGAS HAS OCCURRED BUT THE
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION IS NOT WELL KNOWN.